Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - 856 Words

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85% of lung cancer case1,2. Due to metastasis and other individual conditions, only 30% of the patients are able to go for a surgery, the best regarded treatment method2. Others predominately use tradition chemo- and radio-based therapeutic methods, which held poor treatment outcome with only 15% of the patient lives longer than 5 years1. However, since the establishment of RNAi therapy in 1998, the efficacy of RNAi on tumour activity related genes was intensively studied and some research trials has shown potential effects in treating NSCLC by this method1-3. RNAi is defined as a mechanism of gene-silencing produced by small RNA fragments (siRNA/miRNA/shRNA) and it also can be described as posttranscriptional gene silencing3. These small RNAs have the ability to selectively bind and cleave cellular mRNAs and prevent their further expression3. This function holds great significance in cancer treatment and cell self-repairing1,3. The mechanism of RNAi therapy consists of multiple steps. Briefly, a double-strand small RNA fragment (~20bp) firstly incorporates into a multiprotein complex, RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), and their double strands starts unwinding after being activated. The single-stranded small RNAs product then guided activated RISC to identify mRNAs that are complementary to this single-stranded small RNA3,4. Once identified, this mRNA is cleaved by endoribonucleases and then degraded by exoribonucleases inShow MoreRelatedNon Small Cell Lung Cancer1016 Words   |  5 PagesNon-Small cell lung cancer is one of two major cancers that affect smokers and nonsmokers. About 85% of lung cancers are non-small cancers, and at least 80% of that comes from smoking (American Cancer Society). In the United States, lung cancer is the second cancer most frequently diagnosed in both men and women and remains the major cause of cancer-related death.(Jan A. Burger, 2012). It mostly affects group ages from little as 6 to old as 60+. The factors that lead people to get this cancer ofRead MoreEssay On Non Small Cell Lung Cancer1195 Words   |  5 PagesTargeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer Abstract In the past years, there has been a major paradigm shift in the management of non-small cell lung cancer also known as (NSCLC). NSCLC should now be further sub-classified by histology and driver mutation if one is known or present. Translational research results now allow such mutations to be inhibited by either receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Whilst empirical chemotherapy with a platinum-doubletRead MoreTreatment Of Metastatic Squamous Non Small Cell Lung Cancer1744 Words   |  7 Pages(nivolumab) Opdivo (nivolumab); Bristol-Myers Squibb; For the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer, Approved March 2015 WEDNESDAY, March 4, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of Opdivo (nivolumab) has been expanded to include advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the agency said Wednesday in a news release. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, having been diagnosed more than 224,000 times and causing moreRead MoreMost Common Type Of Cancer Worldwide Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesCancer is the leading cause of death in the world. An astounding average of 1.6 million deaths occur due to lung cancer every year, making it the most common type of cancer worldwide (1). Lung cancer is broadly classified into two types: small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). 85% of all lung cancer cases are NSCLC. NSCLC has several different histologic subtypes, some of which are: squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Of the three, adenocarcinoma accountsRead MoreDr. Antonia And Colleagues Report On The Combination Of Durvalumab And Tremelimumab750 Words   |  3 PagesIn this issue of Lancet Oncology, Dr. Antonia and colleagues report on the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NS CLC).1 After the recent approvals of nivolumab and pembrolizumab in NSCLC,2, 3, 4 there is a near frenzy of attempts to combine agents with inhibitors of the PD-1 immune checkpoint. Some efforts are based on only the shakiest of scientific evidence. However, the combination of durvalumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, and tremelimumab, a CTLA-4Read Morelung cancer927 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Lung Cancer By Brayan Almora and Hector Aparicio Pedroza Ms. Powell, 7th Language Arts Problem – Solution Paper May 15, 2014 Lung Cancer Causes and Treatments Lung cancer is defined as abnormal cell tissue that forms in tissues of the lungs. It is estimated that there are 224,210 new cases every year, while the estimated deaths are numbered at 159,260 per year . There are several options of treatment and are as follows: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation TherapyRead MoreLung Cancer Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2013 there were an estimated 159,480 deaths due to lung cancer in the United States alone (Lung Cancer). Lung cancer is an unrelenting disease that is caused by many environmental factors and personal habits. It begins as mutations within a cell’s DNA and eventually progresses to a tumor which can then spread to various other parts of the body. There is no cure for lung cancer presently, however there are numerous treatments available to patients in hopes of eradicating or at least controllingRead MoreLung Cancer1304 Words   |  6 Pages LUNG CANCER Mohamed Almasmary Bio240 Anatomy Physiology 1 4/13/14 Lung cancer is a cancer (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become cancer cells, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control. Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancerRead MoreLung Cancer : The Most Common Cause Of Cancer1309 Words   |  6 PagesLung Cancer is by far the most common cause of cancer related death in the world. Every year more than 200,00 Americans are diagnosed with lung cancer and over 100,000 Americans die from lung cancer. Lung Cancer is partly preventable with smoking cessation and it is slowly decreasing in the developed countries because of the many campaigns against tobacco addiction developed in the last decades but this is not the case in developing countries. In addition, we are observing a growing amount ofRead More Lung Cancer Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesof lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. It is all depending on the size of what the cells look like under a microscope. Both of these types of lung cancer can grow differently which leads to them both being treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common of the two and it usually grows fairly slow. There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer and they are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Small cell cancer

Motivation Is The Driving Force - 1809 Words

Motivation is the driving force which keeps people going and business always thrives to motivate their employees to their best of ability. Motivation represents a crucial challenge for contemporary organizations: A recent Gallup poll revealed that only 13% of workers worldwide exhibit high levels of engagement and motivation. We will show you why these motivation problems are not simply due to a â€Å"bad† or â€Å"unmotivated† team member. Rather, motivation is very much driven by what work conditions we create for our co-workers how we structure goals and objectives, and how we reward people for the accomplishment of those goals. TD has discovered that it is important to create trust and respect. It has found that by valuing employees, providing realistic goals and an interesting environment for them to work in, it increases employees† motivation. At TD a motivated member of staff works in partnership with others to achieve individual and team objectives . This means that he or she focuses on customers, treats people fairly and is determined and devoted to receiving feedback from others. Motivated employees have greater concentration and are less likely to make mistakes, cause accidents or be involved in conflict. They are also likely to show greater loyalty to the company and have less absenteeism. An unmotivated workforce will be the opposite, being dissatisfied with its role in the work environment. This can negatively affect both the quality of the work as well as howShow MoreRelatedMotivation And The Goal Oriented Behavior897 Words   |  4 Pagesas motivation. Motivation refers to a driving force that triggers the goal-oriented behavior to accomplish desires and it give us a reason to move on, whether in form of positive or negative motive, and it is categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic. Is motivation just a driving force toward something? For example, a person feels to help with funding to the charity organization, and when he contributes, he feels that he is fully aligned with his core values. So, will this consider as motivation? WellRead MoreThe Importance Of Motivation For The Business World Employee Engagement1727 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation requires a driving force to complete goals and dreams, a wish is only a weak desire that one wishes something would magically happen such as winning the lottery. Only a strong passion can push one forward and drive their motivation to achieve the desire. Three important aspects of motivation are goals, inspiration and in the business world employee engagement. All of these aspects promote motivation whether it be a business or personal goal or a friend or coworker to inspire you or aideRead MoreIntrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in College Students681 Words   |  3 PagesLet’s take a closer look at how motivation ties in with these intrinsic and extrinsic theories for motivation. It is clear that motivation is one of the most prominent driving forces by which humans pursue and ultimately achieve their goals. Motivation, quite simply, is rooted in the human instinct to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. The characteristics of such a basic theory would usually be about as clear cut as they come. However, motivation relies heavily on one’s personal psychology as wellRead MoreMotivation Concerns Action And Internal And External Forces1715 Words   |  7 Pagesourselves, ‘why do people do what they do?’ or ‘how can they put up with a given situation?’ the answer is that it all boils down to motivation. Motivation is not the behaviour itself and is not the performance. Motivation concerns action and the internal and external forces, which influence a person’s choice of action. In other words- needs or expectations, these are the forces that drive people to achieve goals. Farren suggests that we are influenced by the 12 human needs that have been around since theRead MoreAlfred Adler s Theories On Individual Psychology1118 Words   |  5 Pagessuperiority. He theorized that striving for success is the motivating force in every person. The theory is based on the values and meaning that one creates  throughout life and plan to seek them out. According to Alfred Adler’s book, Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, there are six steps in the outline of his theory to explain behavior. He felt these factors were the successful basis for the formation of social groups. The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the striving for success or superiorityRead MoreLeadership Is The Soul Of The Organization Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is thus not a role or a position, but an act of achieving the tasks assigned. So being a leader is an adventure because the whole situation of success and failure surrounds the leader’s role. It is rightly said that if you are the driving force or the source of inspiration for others, if you are the ladder to the top destination then you are the leader. If you are the source for others to flourish, you are an inspiring leader. To command the great things is not at all an easy taskRead MoreWhat Was the Driving Force Behind European Imperialism in Africa628 Words   |  3 Pages1800 Africa seemed like an impossible feat to conquer because of malaria but this wouldn’t stop the persistence of the leaders of France and Great Britain. The idea of exploring and conquering new land meant more to these leaders because of the motivation to keep their national security strong and keep their economy stronger. These countries would use their remaining resources to look for more disposable ones so that their empires could grow considerably. Great Britain would be dug in the south andRead MoreLewins Force Field Analysis1307 Words   |  6 PagesLewin’s Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis is a model which shows a current level of a business in which it is affected by driving forces which are positive and encourages development of a plan and also restraining forces which are negative and hinder the development of a plan. In other words, to ensure that a decision is well made, the positivity of the driving forces has to exceed the negativity of the restraining forces. [pic] * Driving forces means forces that are positiveRead MoreThe Heart Of The Self Determination Theory937 Words   |  4 Pagesself-determination theory addresses differences among four classes of motivation, which differ in the extent to which they are autonomous verses controlled. These four classes are external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic. According to Carver and Baird (1998) external reasons are the most controlled behaviors because they are compelled by some outside influence. Introjected behaviors are compelled by inside influence, but these forces consist of guilt or anxiety (Carver Baird, 1998). IdentifiedRead MoreDiscovering Obstacles Hindering College Graduation1328 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological theories to education, including Kurt Lewin’s force-field analysis model, Abraham Maslow’s need reduction theory for motivation, and the self-efficacy and attribution theories. Together, these theories have provided a framework to discover the obsta cles students face upon entering the collegiate environment and how to overcome them, in order to make this shameful graduation rate one of the past. Force Field Anaylsis: The force field analysis model provides that all behavior, such as

The Overwhelming Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte Free Essays

The legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte began in 1793 and continues to this day. Although the French general Napoleon left France smaller than it originally was at the beginning of the Revolution in 1789, he was widely respected during his lifetime and thereafter. Napoleon Bonaparte produced an everlasting imprint on the history of Europe as a result of his great military genius, development of political ideas, and the remodeling of French law. We will write a custom essay sample on The Overwhelming Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the root of Napoleon’s success lay his military genius. Much of Napoleon’s military genius comes from his studies of history’s finest commanders. Of these influences on Napoleon were Alexander, Caesar, Hannibal, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Eugene, and most of all Frederick the Great. Napoleon used Frederick’s strategies and adapted them to his own tactical system (Chandler 70). Napoleon’s military tactics were based around the corps d’ armee, a small army containing the elements of cavalry, infantry, and artillery. The most important advantage of the small army was its capability of fighting alone for a long period of time against superior enemy forces until help could be attained (Chandler 79). With speed, good order, and carefully maintained formations, a successful cavalry was developed. Every type of cavalry was placed in one of three categories, each with specific tasks. The heavy cavalry used their size and weight to create holes in the enemies line of battle. The cavalry of the line was expected to protect lines of communication and carry out raids. The light cavalry was mainly used for pursuit and to explore areas in order to gain military information (Chandler 94). Napoleon was the first general to employ cavalry simultaneously to conceal his main troop movements and to recognize the front. The foot soldiers of the infantry were the backbone of Napoleon’s army (Chandler 97). The infantry marched in a column up to the attack instead of a line. This column was more maneuverable than lines, and could swing into a flexible alteration of columns and three-rank lines (Herold 97). Eventually, Napoleon’s enemies were influenced by these grand tactics. The enemy reformed and devised countermeasures that proved to bring down Napoleon (Chandler 69). Boldness, the hallmark of the Napoleonic tactics, influenced warfare for a century. Napoleon Bonaparte carried through a series of reforms that were begun during the Revolution. He established the Bank of France, which has continued to function, more or less unchanged, up to the present time, as a national bank and as the source of the French government for currency, public loans, and the deposit of public funds (Thompson 169). In addition to the influence on Banks, Napoleon also reformed the education system. The present secularly controlled French educational system was begun during the Reign of Terror and completed by Napoleon. A corporation, known as the University of France was organized. The University was responsible for seeing that all education (including private), would turn out citizens to be attached to their religion, ruler, and family (Cronin 204). Primary schools were reopened with priests as teachers, but Napoleon gave most of his attention to secondary schools, where he changed the curriculum to allow early specialization. At age fifteen, a boy chose to study either mathematics and history of science, or classics and philosophy (Cronin 204). This system of education still remains in France. One of Napoleon’s greatest constructive works lies in the remodeling of French law. The Code Napoleon, although established by Napoleon about 200 years ago, has had lasting effects and influences to this day. This remodeled the entire body of French law, and is contained in five codes dealing with civil, commercial, and criminal law. The civil code established the citizens right to equality before the law, religious toleration, the inviolability of property, and the superior place of the father in a family. The commercial code reordered every part of industrial and agricultural life. It brought about full employment, more stable prices, and a balance of trade. The criminal code set up a superior system of circuit judges, but rejected the idea of juries (Chandler 104). As a result of the Napoleonic conquests, the code was introduced into a number of European countries, notably Belgium, where it is still in force. It also became the model for the civil codes of Quebec Province, Canada, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, some Latin American republics, and the state of Louisiana. Napoleon’s influence is evident in France even today. His spirit has spread throughout the constitution of the Fifth Republic. The country’s basic law is still the Code Napoleon, the administrative and judicial systems are essentially Napoleonic, and a uniform state-regulated system of education persists. Napoleon’s reforms in all parts of Europe cultivated the ground for the revolutions of the 19th century. Today, the impact of the Code Napoleon is apparent in the law of most European countries. Napoleon Bonaparte, who once studied the greatest commanders to have lived, could now find himself recognized along with those same great names. How to cite The Overwhelming Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, Papers

Dark Social Business Concept

Question: Discuss about the Dark Social Business Concept. Answer: Introduction: Recently I had the good fortune of meeting with two of the most disadvantaged groups in Singapore - visually impaired people group, Dialogue in the Dark, and migrant workers group, Migrant Workers Centre. I say "good fortune" as I feel that I was blind and at a disadvantage before I met with them. I was unaware and ignorant about how discriminatory and biased our actions and behaviour are towards such people. The experience opened my eyes, and I wish everyone gets a taste of this situation at least once in life and understand what I am today.Dialogue in the Dark is a social business concept that employs visually impaired people to guide regular people in experiencing daily chores and activities conveyed in the way blind people experience things. On the other hand, Migrant Workers' Centre works with migrant labourers to champion fair employment practices. I had little experience or knowledge about interacting with differently able people. I had heard a lot of stories about such individuals in the confines of a room, never getting to see for myself the impossible feats they perform. I appreciated the opportunity I received of interacting with them, but was sceptical about how it would turn out or how I would fare. Our general perception about blind people is set - they should be pitied; they are dependent, helpless and can't take part in or contribute anything in the society. I thought in the same way. However, five minutes in the meeting with the team of visually impaired guides at Dialogue in the Dark (DID), and my whole outlook changed. I visited the centre for one of their exhibition tour and my life changed, literally. We live in our conscious mind, subduing the subconscious. We interact with our surroundings with the help of one or two sense at the time, while the other senses remain at rest in the background. Our sight is our ke y sense, and withdrawal of that handicaps us. However, a tour with the DID team challenges this perception and showed me that there is more to life than sight. Our daily petty actions and environments received a different dimension altogether on the tour. I understood that without our sight also we can perceive our surroundings and experience the changes that happen. In terms of DID's contributions to the society and the visually impaired community, they do a pretty good job. The blind guides were so optimistic and straight forward about their life and imperfections. The founder Andreas Heinecke had this concept that taking away the light from regular people for a while would make them more aware and appreciative about the amazing things a blind person can experience and be capable of. The exhibitions, workshops and other cultural activities all progress with the idea that a blind person can experience life just like anyone else. They are not different and they have the potential to grow into an accomplished individual. The interactions at the exhibition were real, as if I am a part of my real world only, listening to the honking of cars, chattering of people, chirping of birds, the smell of smoke, baked goods wafting in with the cool autumn breeze, while I'm walking on a pebbles street. I never imagined the interaction to be this real. One thing I understood very clearly. These people are at a disadvantage, and are discriminated against in every way possible. Prejudice and discrimination against blind people is pretty widespread, and we all are the perpetrators. They do not get equal access to every facility existent, like education, job market opportunities and so on. Even I thought the same that visually impaired people cannot contribute anything to the society and they need constant backing. Our society and elements in it follow some rules. However, none for the differently-abled. In addition, the rules are not even Bender or adjusted at times and the person has to face discomfort. Not protesting against that made me ashamed of myself. Our education, right to express and other basic human rights are applicable to all, still discrimination happens, we do it. Not providing education is a heinous act - it's a fundamental need. By not getting access to that such people are unaware of their society and surroundings, ignorant of what is out there in the world - and they have a right two know. Before I went to MWC (Migrant Workers' Centre), I used to think it was easy for the migrants to come in to our country and get a job easily. I was in a misconception that they received huge amounts of wages because of their skills and are a burden on the economy because of their generation of low income taxes. Like everyone else I had the misconception that migrant workers live off the tax payed by the citizens. I even thought that they had no I intention of accepting the rules and culture of the countries where they migrate to. It is also widely believed that migrant workers take away the creamy later of the job market, leaving locals to take up menial jobs. The visit to MWC changed this perception of mine. Migrant workers are not disposal tools. They are a part of our economy, contribute to it and they deserve the recognition. They are responsible for filling in the declining sectors of the economy and bringing in revenue. They contribute enormously to labour market flexibility, taxes and other social contributions. Their contributions can be seen in the boost on working age population and the skills they bring in as human capital for the host country. These workers allow the government to invest into positive and productive endeavours. As an example we can consider a clerk, who takes care of the paperwork for a doctor, in turn freeing the doctor to attend to more patients. Thus, an economic value is created from the joint efforts of both the clerk and the doctor. Child care providers free working mothers, construction labourers freeing up engineers to attend to more projects and similar contributions substantially help in the development of the economy overall. They perform jobs local s would not. They put in effort to mix with the society and learn the practices existent. Giving them residency would bring in more sales, in turn creating larger economies of scale. It brings in more positive aspects for the consumer and economic benefits for the society. They are the base on which we all depend. Migrant workers are the victims of less wage, false promises of jobs and slavery. Some even commit suicide due the debts they incurred for getting the work permits. They are threatened, abused and forced into slavery by showing them the fear of deportation. They receive no entitlement to residency, and are dealt with the feeling of being in a place where they are not supposed to be. They pay all kinds of taxes, income, sales tax, payroll tax and sometimes even the brunt of those taxes aimed at the effluent. Companies compensate the brunt if higher taxes by reducing wages and increasing prices. It has a disproportionate impact on the migrants and lower investments take place, in turn reducing number of jobs and slow salary increment. These workers pay a huge amount of corporate taxes because their loss wages account for a significant amount of corporate tax payment by their employers. Big economies hurt the poor migrant labourers the most. However, their significant contribution to th e economy is overlooked or superfluously treated. The funny thing is, some corporate offices pay good-for-nothing people to do nothing, instead of employing a migrant, who would be willing to do it and get the job done, because of misconceptions about their lot. Some low-paid migrant labourers from MWC said they are housed in stuffed condominium, illicitly I should include, with rather unsanitary conditions in view of the shortage of reasonable rental lodging in Singapore, which is a result of the administrations deliberate arrangement of advancing lodging possession, and lodging as a venture resource. Lawful requirement against such lodging code infringement, might I say, has not been extremely vivacious. They have a low pay in light of the fact that there is an oversupply of labourers and in the event that they need to gripe, they will be kicked on the grounds that foreign workers are effectively replaceable. Conclusion: From these two experiences, I have understood that both these groups need improvement in their treatment from the society. For the disabled, they need recognition as human beings, fair treatment and respect, unbiased evaluation and promotions. They must be offered customized trainings so that they know whats happening and dont get treated in a demotivating way. They need a support channel of their own, that can cater to the issues they might face. They need more projects that support their cause, at the same time encouraging, identifying and collaborating with them in every way possible. For the migrant workers, strict protection laws must be implemented so that they dont get exploited or maltreated. They require equal treatment and opportunities, safe working environment, memberships, social security, accommodation and other legal benefits. After all, they are a part of the developing economy.