Top Guide of Writing a Great Research Paper

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Personal Statement For A Fitness Trainer - 987 Words

The topic of the Unit 4 Assignment is Outlining your Profession. My desired profession is to be a fitness trainer. I strive to motivate and inspire others to live a healthy lifestyle. Although a degree is not required to complete this goal, I feel that a Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellness from Kaplan will give me a better understanding of the human body and broaden my career path. I will gain knowledge from Kaplan to exceed in the fitness world. Fitness trainers help individual’s reach fitness and nutrition goals by motivating and inspiring individuals or groups. Fitness trainers demonstrate different exercises, work out personal nutrition plans, and evaluate the clients level of fitness. There are many aspects to fitness trainer’s methods i.e.; weight lifting, cardiovascular, dance, yoga, stretching and strength training. Fitness trainer’s work with all ages, sizes, and fitness levels. Fitness trainers will modify exercise to fit a person’s physi cal needs and get a better understanding of a person’s weaknesses. â€Å"Fitness trainers and instructors work in facilities such as health clubs, fitness or recreation centers, gyms, and yoga and Pilates studios.† (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2015) With the upraise of technology and the lack of time working individuals have I feel that online fitness professionals is what is needed. I will strive to be an elite fitness professional in the online world. The requirements for becoming a personal trainer include a highShow MoreRelatedEssay Personal Trainer1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Trainer Personal trainers are responsible for training individuals and developing a healthy workout regimen for all their clients. They often work with different muscle groups and combine this knowledge with cardiovascular training to provide their clients with the best exercise program possible. They may demonstrate various exercises and improve their clients technique. They work either in a clients home or a gym. Personal trainers conduct fitness consultations and assessments.Read MoreHow Workout Is The World s Largest Network For Special Interest Groups1159 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide discounts and exclusive fitness events. The value of Workout Buddy is unmatched. This competitive advantage will be very helpful in facilitating a partnership between Workout Buddy and the gyms and health clubs. Workout Buddy was created for gym members. This means that if non-gym members have interest in using Workout Buddy, their first step is to sign up for a gym or health club. It also promotes the use of personal trainers. These personal trainers are large sources of revenue thatRead MoreProject Duration And Critical Path Analysis1288 Words   |  6 Pagessystem? 11 References 12-13 ABSTRACT: Personal trainer, Inc. privileges and working focuses on twelve fitness center in Midwestern urban areas. The focuses have done well, and the organization is opening another â€Å"supercenter in the Toronto region. To support their commercial portfolio. Personal trainer Inc. want to study their approach and make it functional in a way which will positively reflect on their business growth. To do so personal trainer Inc. mapped a project management strategiesRead MorePersonal Trainer Inc. Case Study891 Words   |  4 Pages Mr. Nelson M. Wahing Case Study No. 2: Personal Trainer Inc. I. Summary Personal Trainer, Inc. owns and operates fitness centers in a dozen Midwestern cities. The centers have done well, and the company is planning an international expansion by opening a new â€Å"supercenter† in the Toronto area. Personal Trainer’s president, Cassia Umi, hired an IT consultant, Susan Park, to help develop an information system forRead MoreEssay on Bus 475 Week 2 Individual1692 Words   |  7 PagesBody Fitness Body Fitness is a new state of the art fitness facility coming to the valley that will offer the finest workout equipment, intense one-on-one personal training, proper supplemental nutrition plans, and strategic planning for a patient’s course of action to get in shape. Each fitness facility will offer the essential wide range of work out equipment and will be staffed to accommodate clients from high school age to retirement. Clients will consist of the average high school studentRead MoreHow Effective Marketing, Financial and Human Resource Management Activities Could Be Expected to Contribute to Fitness Firsts Success.1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be examining how Fitness First uses marketing, finance and human resource management to continually be an effective and sustainable sports organisation. Fitness First is the largest gym, health and fitness group in the world with more than 1.5 million members and over 550 fitness clubs. (www.fitnessfirst.co.uk , 2009) The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as â€Å"†¦the management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficientlyRead More Gym Observation Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal space, body language, and overall interaction between the participants in the gym was something that I hadnt paid enough attention to in the past, from the distance I could see that their interests. The intimate couples that I noticed in the gym seemed again sought to have created a private space for them by erecting invisible barriers through their private body language directed only at each other, resulting in considerable more space between these couples and other groups of people inRead MoreCVP and Breakeven Analysis Paper1543 Words   |  7 Pagespoint for a Snap Fitness franchise owner. Variable Costs â€Å"Snap Fitness estimates that each location incurs $4,000 per month in fixed operating expenses plus $2,000 to lease equipment, which brings at total of $6,000 in fix cost† (Kimmel, Weygandt Kieso, 2009). However, in order for Snap Fitness to break even, it needs to have 300 members. With the â€Å"information provided above and our knowledge of CVP analysis, we will now estimate the amount of variable costs for Snap Fitness† (Kimmel, WeygandtRead MoreBosu Trainer Case Study Essays1311 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: Case Study 1 (Chapter 3) Subject: Business Process Management Company: Bosu Fitness Industry: Exercise Equipment Industry Author: Date: Overview The Bosu balance trainer was invented in 1999 by David Wreck the name Bosu means â€Å"Both Sides Utilized† because this exercise equipment has two sides. The two sides of the exercise equipment can be used for training with any kind of work out fitness. Bosu reflects a philosophy in athletic conditioning that focuses on balance; balanceRead MoreChallenges Facing The Sporting Goods Stores1407 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional trainer. The main center will be located in Orlando, Florida due to its vast economic growth and increasing demand of healthy lifestyles. In 2013, Orlando was categorized as the second highest fittest city in Florida and it was nationally â€Å"ranked No.34.† Form of Ownership Fit-Fem retail store will be a limited liability company. This form of ownership would be the most preferable selection due to its limited liability in a case of a lawsuit. In an event of a lawsuit, any personal property

Reflection on the Start-Up Business Model

Question: Discuss about the Reflection on the Start-Up Business Model. Answer: Introdution: The canvas model for business has proved to be the great model as for conquering and dividing the effective business strategies. The model reflects that the entire model has been divided into some of the crucial components such as the key partners, key resources, value propositions, customer relationships and many others. Moreover, the business model provides a critical reflection on by demonstrating the key structure for any particular small or larger corporations. From my point of view there are some of the crucial areas which need to be improved such as the strategic purpose of the concerned firm. I enquired the fact that the business model of canvas excludes the strategic purpose which is important for the perfect evaluation of the business processes (Choudhry, 2010). The model reflects the importance of key partners and key resources for the completion of the successful business project but it lacks in explaining the desired strategic purpose of the firm and this provides the scope to enhance its effectiveness by providing the purpose for the business model. I came across the fact that the business model critically reflects the role of managing the customer with effective care as the relationship with the customers helps in increasing its effectiveness within concerned market segments. Moreover, the model also excludes the desired notion for completion of the project which needs to be included in order to increase the reliability of the ful l business (Guide to the business analysis body of knowledge, 2015). I recommend that the relationship with the customers needs to be improved by recognizing the respective requirements of the clients as this will help in establishing the brand reputation of the firm to a larger extent. The notion for the completion needs to be included and the relationship with the clients should be improved. Moving to the next, I realized that the mixing of the different level of abstraction for the business model of canvas is crucial and this should be reduced to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm. The strategic planning needs to be done as per the requirements of the business procedures (Herschel, 2013). There are opportunities for innovation to the products and new template with strategic ideas needs to be formulated to expand the entire business. Moreover, understanding the needs and the demands of the customers are of great significance as they help in providing the desired elevation towards the enhancement of the firm. As per my view the formulations of the effective strategies are of great significance as this will help in evaluating the performance of the concerned organization on a large scale. I feel that there should be perfect recognition of the issues or threats that may affect the execution of business procedures and then the solutions needs to be formed. The requirements of the customers need to be fulfilled and the services should be as per the satisfaction of the clients s this will help in providing complete reliability to them. I am aware of the fact there is an opportunity to increase the profitability of the firm identifying the desired strategic purpose which needs to be done by the concerned people within the management team (Hox, 2010). On the other hand, the competition level should be understood between the same kinds of organizations as this will help in offering the competitive advantage to the firm. The key partners as revealed within the proposed business model should contri bute their best efforts and utilize the desired platform to increase the profitability of the organizations. A collection of the resources such as the intangible resources, intellectual resources and the Human Resources are imperative and these needs to be used as the strategic remedies to utilize the opportunities for improvements. Branding of the firm is another important remedy as it facilitates the growth of the organization and opts for more profitability (McDonald, Mouncey, and Maklan, 2014). The value propositions needed to be considered as it reflects the crucial requirements of the business. The particular model of business has been proposed to ensure complete effectiveness in providing the value propositions services to all of the clients as this increase the potentiality of the firm. I need to mention that the value propositions include the monitoring of the performance of the website in providing adequate services to customers as per their needs. The advertisements and t he effective promotions need to be improved in order to increase the efficiency of the business within the concerned marketplaces (Zheng and Xue, 2009). I would strongly suggest that the use of the different channels such as the emails and the social media should be enhanced and these are crucial opportunities which help in the expansion of the firm. The Human Resource department should recruit skilled employees to increases the effectiveness of websites, especially the graphic and the web designers. References Choudhry, M. (2010).Capital market instruments. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Guide to the business analysis body of knowledge. (2015). Toronto : Ontario: International Institute of Business Analysis. Herschel, R. (2013).Principles and applications of business intelligence research. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Hox, J. (2010).Multilevel analysis. New York: Routledge. McDonald, M., Mouncey, P. and Maklan, S. (2014).Marketing Value Metrics. London: Kogan Page. Zheng, N. and Xue, J. (2009).Statistical learning and pattern analysis for image and video processing. New York: Springer.

Kurt Vonnegut Essays - Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim

Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut's character Billy Pilgrim, in Slaughterhouse-Five, is an American soldier in Europe in the last year of World War II. What he sees and does during his six months on the battlefield and as a prisoner of war have dominated his life. He comes to terms with the feelings of horror, guilt, and despair that are the result of his war experiences by putting the events of his life in perspective. He reorganizes his life by using the device of "time travel." Unlike everyone else, he does not live his life one day after another. Billy Pilgrim has become "unstuck in time," and he jumps around among the periods of life in a constant state of transience. In the beginning of the novel, it is December 1944 and Billy, along with three other American soldiers, is lost in a forest far behind enemy lines. Billy closes his eyes for a moment, drifts back to a day in his past, then suddenly opens his eyes in the future: it's 1965 and he is visiting his mother in a nursing home. He blinks, then time changes to 1958, then 1961, and finally he finds himself back in the forest in December 1944. Billy does not have much time to wonder about what has just happened. He has been captured almost immediately by German soldiers and put onto a train bound for eastern Germany. Aboard the train Billy has a great adventure into the future. He finds himself at the night of his daughter's wedding in 1967, where he is kidnapped by a flying saucer from the imaginary planet Tralfamadore. The aliens take Billy to their home planet and put him in a zoo. Then, as always seems to happen, Billy wakes up back in the war. The train arrives at a prison camp, and there a group of British officers throw a banquet for the American POWs. Before long he is traveling in time again, to a mental hospital in 1948, where he's visited by his fiancee, Valencia Merble. As soon as he recovers from his nervous breakdown, Billy will be set up in business as an optometrist by Valencia's father. Billy is introduced to science fiction by his hospital roommate, Eliot Rosewater, whose favorite author is Kilgore Trout. Trout's writing is terrible, but Billy comes to admire his ideas. Billy soon travels in time again to Tralfamadore, where he is the most popular exhibit in the zoo. His keepers love talking to him because his ideas are so strange to them. He thinks, for example, that wars could be prevented if people could see into the future as he can. The American POWs are now being moved to Dresdan, which as an "open city" of no military value has come through unscathed, while almost every other German city has been heavily bombed. Billy knows that Dresdan will soon be totally destroyed, even though there's nothing worth bombing there. The Americans are housed in building number five of the Dresdan slaughterhouse. There, Billy continues his time-travels. He survives a plane crash in 1968. A few years before that, he meets Kilgore Trout. Also, on Tralfamadore, he tells his zoo-mate, Montan Wildhack, about the bombing of Dresdan. Billy Pilgrim and the other American POWs take shelter in a meat locker beneath the slaughterhouse. When they go out the next day, Dresdan looks like the surface of the moon. Everything has been reduced to ashes and minerals, and everything is still hot. Nothing is moving anywhere. After months of digging corpses out of the ruins, Billy and the others wake up one morning to discover that their guards have disappeared. The war had now ended, and they are free men. There are many ways for an individual to cope with post-traumatic stress. The way in which one chooses to deal with emotionally taxing situations is determined, in part, by the individual's character traits. Because Billy Pilgrim is insecure and unable to effectively reestablish a sense of normalcy, he chooses "time-travel" as his own personal brand of denial. The result of his emotional journey was the further development of his character, as well as his neurosis.

The Constitution and Three-Fifths Compromise essays

The Constitution and Three-Fifths Compromise essays The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was held from the months of May to September, at the Philadelphia State House. Representatives from twelve of the thirteen colonies attended, to debate a wide range of constitutional provisions from the Bill of Rights to the power of taxation. The issue on the mind of almost every representative was what kind of government was best for a republic? Certain states submitted plans for a republican government, however, the most popular was the plan submitted by the Virginia delegation lead by James Madison. The Virginia Plan called for a government with three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Using Montesquieus theory of checks and balances it was intended to ensure that no group could have too much authority, which could lead to tyranny. Although the delegates supported most of the proposed principles of the Virginia Plan, they were in disagreement in certain areas of the plan . The highest debate concerned the section on representation in the legislative branch. The Virginia Plan proposed that representation in the legislatives houses would be based on population of the state. Small states objected saying that it would leave them helpless in a government dominated by large states. In turn, they supported plan proposed by New Jersey, that gave all states an equal representation regardless of the population. The New Jersey Plan set up a two-part legislature, where representation in the House of Representatives was based on population and in the Senate each state was guaranteed a fixed two representatives. The issue of representation transformed into the debate over who would be counted as part of a states population. Delegate from southern states argued that slaves should be counted for the purposes of representation but not for the purposes of taxation. Representatives of Northern states felt the exact opposite, and argued that slaves should be counted when dete...

What Is GPA What Does GPA Mean

What Is GPA What Does GPA Mean SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students get very hung up on GPA in high school - is it high enough? Will it pass muster in college admissions? What does your GPA even mean? In this article, I’ll go through what GPA is, what GPA means, and how it can help or hurt you in the college admissions process. What Is GPA? Let’s start with the basics!Your GPA is just a way of converting your grades into a numerical scale.The grades that you receive in your high school classes are all averaged together to arrive at one cumulative grade, which is then converted into your GPA.The traditional GPA scale ranges from 0.0 to 4.0. Here’s a conversion chart that shows all the possible GPAs and their corresponding letter grades and percentiles: Letter Grade Percentile GPA A+ 97-100 4.0 A 93-96 4.0 A- 90-92 3.7 B+ 87-89 3.3 B 83-86 3.0 B- 80-82 2.7 C+ 77-79 2.3 C 73-76 2.0 C- 70-72 1.7 D+ 67-69 1.3 D 65-66 1.0 F Below 65 0.0 This 4.0 scale is for unweighted GPAs.Some schools may get even more specific with GPAs if grades are given on a scale of 0-100 and not just as letters. For example, a student with a 90 average in all of her classes would have a 3.5 GPA and a student with a 92 average would have a 3.7 GPA. At many schools, GPAs go up higher than 4.0 because they use a weighted scale.A weighted GPA takes into account the difficulty of a student’s coursework, not just their grades.For example, a student who gets all As in lower level classes will earn a 4.0, while a student who gets all As in the most challenging classes will earn a 5.0. Different high schools have different standards for what counts as a "challenging" course, but this usually means AP classes if your school offers them or Honors classes if not. Colleges use GPA as a measure of your engagement in learning and willingness to work hard to meet academic standards and expand your knowledge.GPA is very important because it provides a comprehensive look at your academic strengths and weaknesses and ability to challenge yourself.GPA and standardized test scores are given relatively equal consideration in the application processes for most schools.At schools that don’t require standardized test scores, GPA takes on an even more critical role in your application. How Much Can GPA Help or Hurt You? High school GPA is one of the most important factors considered in the college admissions process. A high GPA (in the 3.5 to 4.0 or A range) can really help you, but it depends on the circumstances. Your High GPA Will Be a Big Asset If: You Earned It in High-Level Classes Above all, colleges want to see that you're willing to challenge yourself intellectually.If you managed to earn a high GPA while taking difficult courses, this will show them that you’re both intelligent and driven.Even if you took easier classes at the beginning of high school and then went on to take more challenging ones later,your course record will demonstrate that you're engaged in learning and willing to push yourself. Your Standardized Test Scores are Just OK If you aren't a great test taker and didn’t get awesome scores on the SAT or ACT, your GPA will help you to rise above the crowd despite this.More and more schools are starting to see GPA is a more reliable metric than standardized tests for judging academic potential.A high GPA shows determination over time and is the most reliable indicator of a student’s ability to ultimately graduate college. Your GPA Stands out from Other Students in Your Class If very few other students at your school achieved a GPA similar to yours, this indicates that you were willing to go above and beyond to get high grades in difficult classes. Your High GPA Won't Matter As Much If: You Earned It in Easy Classes You may have a 4.0, but if you took the easiest classes available to get it, colleges won’t look as favorably upon your application.If you think about it, it makes a lot of sense - colleges are looking for students who are willing to apply themselves and make full use of the resources they're given.If you just go for the easy A, you won't make a good impression. Your Standardized Test Scores Are Very Low Even if you earn a very high GPA, if your standardized test scores are average or below average, you might have problems.This is still one of the most important factors colleges consider besides GPA, so you shouldn't take these tests lightly.If you study diligently, you should be able to boost your scoreseven if you don’t consider yourself a great test taker. Many Other Students Have Similar GPAs If your GPA doesn’t stand out from the pack, this points to grade inflation at your high school (high grades for work that might not fully deserve them).This is a problem at many schools, and is really frustrating for students who are high-achieving but can’t stand out because of low standards.This might not be as much as a problem as the other factors because admissions officers will know whether or not your school has this issue and will take it into account when looking at your record.It may mean an increased emphasis on standardized test scores, so you should work on improving your scores if you grade inflation is a concern. "YOU get a 4.0 GPA! And YOU get a 4.0 GPA! You all get 4.0 GPAs!!!!" Now let's look at the other side of things. With a low GPA (anywhere below the national average of a 3.0), you might think you’re out of luck, but that’s not necessarily true. Though it may be difficult to get into very selective schools, colleges will consider other factors in their admissions decisions as well. Your Low GPA Might Not Be a Huge Problem If: It’s Above a 2.0 As long as your GPA is higher than a 2.0, there will be some colleges where you have a good chance of acceptance. If it's below a 2.0 it will be very hard to get into most schools. You Did Well on Standardized Tests As I mentioned earlier, standardized tests are the most important thing colleges will consider apart from your GPA.If you do extremely well, they will be more likely to give you a chance despite your low GPA.Studying for standardized tests and improving your scores is much easier than improving your GPA, so if your GPA isn’t where you want it to be, try to focus on score improvement to get the most bang for your buck in the college admissions process. You Challenged Yourself If your GPA is on the lower side, but you earned it in difficult classes or challenged yourself more and more over the course of high school, colleges will take this into account.Your GPA itself is less important than the road you took to get there. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Can GPA Be Improved? It's difficult to improve your GPA because it's the average of all your grades over the course of high school. If you end up with a C average your freshman year, for example, you could technically bring it up to a B+ average by the end of your junior year if you earned A averages during your sophomore and junior years. If you have a C average for both your freshman and sophomore years, the best you'll be able to do is a B- because the Cs from the first two years of high school will bring down your average so much. That's not to mention that going from a C average to an A average in all classes is not something that most people can manage since it requires such a drastic change in study habits and motivation. That being said,if you’re only in the first half of high school, you still have a fair amount of time to make some changes and show colleges a trend towards better grades. You Can Improve Your GPA By: Asking for Extra Help This is always a smart choice if you feel yourself falling behind in a class.As soon as you start to struggle, ask for clarification so you don’t end up getting totally lost.You might just need things to be explained a different way! Reassessing Your Study Habits Your problems may also be related to procrastination of lack of studying.These bad habits are difficult to change, but it’s really important to step back and fix fundamental problems like this that are holding you back before they get out of hand. Challenging Yourself More This may seem paradoxical, and I would only advocate it if you have a very good GPA in low level classes.Your GPA will look better to colleges if you work harder for it, so you should be proactive about pursuing more challenging coursework.Even if your grades end up slightly lower, moving up a level shows that you were willing to push yourself outside your comfort zone for a more productive learning experience. On the flip side of this, if you're in a situation where a class is extremely difficult for you and your grades are unsalvageable, you should consider dropping it so that you don't end up with an F on your transcript. If it’s already your junior year and you don’t have much time left to make improvements, you should focus more on standardized testing. With a few months of dedicated studying, you can significantly raise your scores and increase your chances of college admission.The main thing for GPA is to start out strong and finish up stronger; with the way averages work, it’s hard to make significant changes later on. Earning a good GPA is like running a cross country race. It's pretty painful and you have to maintain a strong pace throughout, but in the end it's worth it because of the sense of accomplishment. Yes, I used to run cross country, and yes, it was the worst. Conclusion A regular unweighted GPA is measured on a scale of 0 to 4.0.Your GPA may be weighted, which means it goes up higher (usually up to a 5.0 but some schools have an even bigger scale).Weighted GPAs take course difficulty into account apart from grades so that students in high level classes earn GPAs that reflect the difficulty of the courses they take.College admissions officers will use your GPA to judge whether you are prepared for college coursework and are truly engaged in learning. Your GPA can help you a lot in college admissions if it’s in the A range, or above a 3.5, but that often depends on the difficulty of your coursework, your class rank, and the quality of your standardized test scores.If your GPA is especially low, focus on improving your standardized test scores and make an effort to bring up your grades by asking for help and fixing any bad habits you’ve fallen into.Your GPA is one of the most crucial aspects of your college application, so if you feel like things aren’t going well in your classes, speak up! What's Next? Working on raising your standardized test scores alongside your GPA? Take a look at some of our best tips for the SAT and the ACT. Your GPA is one of the most important components of your college application, but there are also a lot of other things you should consider if you're aiming for the best schools in the country. Find out how you can increase your chances of acceptance at very selective schools. If you're starting to look at colleges, check out this guide on how to choose schools that are right for you! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Starbucks - Research Paper Example During the period that they get the losses they usually aim at gaining the trust of their customers. The other strategy that they have commonly used is the buying out of leases of their competitors. Through such marketing they aim at making themselves stronger in the market while at the same time reducing the influence of these competitors to the market. If such a marketing strategy is successful it can be used as a tool for elimination of competition by the business organization. The use of such a marketing activity has contributed to the high number of criticisms of the methods that Starbuck uses to gain the market capital that they have. Critics claim that they use such activities to make sure that they make it hard for the small businesses in this industry to survive and grow. Starbuck also used to put several outlets within a particular geographical location. This can only be effective in a situation where they have noticed that there is a large market and demand for the products that they sell. It is also best in a situation where they are the most popular producers of such goods within this geographical location. When they put up many outlets they are able to give new entrants a hard time in trying to get a market for their products. This strategy can also be used to do away with competitors who have small market capital. This is because if they are considered by the public to the best producers of the products they produce, and are readily accessible due to the increased number of outlets, customers will have absolutely no reason to go elsewhere. For a marketing strategy to be completely effective, it is important for a business organization to be aware of the market they target. Good knowledge of the target will enable a business organization to be in a position to know exactly the type of marketing strategy that the will use in making sure that they improve and enhance their market capital. Starbuck should focus on the high

Public duty and grief Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public duty and grief - Research Paper Example In certain circumstances, doctors often voluntarily helps or assists nurses or other healthcare staff that may result in the occurrence of certain inappropriate consultation or treatment. In such instances, the action of doctors does not make hospital authorities liable instead doctors themselves are answerable for such losses or negligence. Except the above stated scenario, the hospital authority or the employer has the responsibility to answer for any possible mal-practice of its staff, nurses or the doctors. Furthermore, it has been ascertained that in many cases a doctor or nurse who are linked with any kind of medical mal-practice, are retained by hospitals despite their negligence in the past. In this context, any further mal-practice of these nurse and doctors will leave the hospital authority (employer) responsible or answerable for that particular misconduct under a particular law theory called â€Å"respondeat superior" which means that ‘let the master answer’ . Hence, it is the prime responsibility of the hospital authorities to keep watch on the action of doctors or any other healthcare staff in order to ensure well being of the common public as well as omit any possibility of professional negligence (FindLaw, 2013; Judson & Harrison, 2010). I have bitter experience regarding grievance in my life. I have lost one of my closest friends just because of the negligence of hospital authority. It was quite a difficult for me to pull myself out of that particular scenario. Initially, when I heard this lethal news that my friend was no more, my heart was denying the fact that I actually loss him. I could not believe that a small accident would cost me to loss him forever. However, when I came to know that his death was not due to the accident causalities, I suddenly become quite shocked. Later on I found that his death was owing to the negligence of the hospital authority. Indeed, it made me furious and I tried to consolidate

Intel Case Study Essay Example for Free

Intel Case Study Essay Exhibit 6 shows the comparative intellectual property consideration. 2. DRAM was standard, and all competitors faced the same fixed cost, chip price depended on the learning curve and how aggressively competitors expanded capacity, thus manufacturing was not the Intel’s strength at that time, the Japanese companies were ahead of US companies in many different ways, such as mass production which reduced the cost, the high yield percentage 70%-80% in their fabs compared to 50%-60% for US, and that’s because they had disciplined approach to manufacturing, and they concerned with defects and control methods, and down in the learning curve. . Through integration in different industries Japanese companies built its competitive advantage, their DRAMs were used heavily by industries like, electronics, computers and telecommunications. Besides, these companies supported the Japanese equipment manufacturers to improve the DRAM manufacturing machinery to increase yields, which in return decrease cost of the DRAM, and better quality for their products, which were also competing the US. As a conclusion, Intel focus was toward building better design, better performance and capacity for the DRAM, and did not concentrate on building the competitive advantage. PC industry and added value (Q2-3-4-6) IBM had the largest added value, and this is because they adopted an open standard that made the IBM-PC nonproprietary, which catalyzed a massive structural shift in the computer industry, where it became horizontal. By adopting this strategy, IBM hoped that software developers to write new programs for the IBM PC, and one of the key contributor to the growth of the PC industry is the availability of packaged software and that the market being less fragmented. Intel initiated â€Å"project crush†- in 1980 – where it secured the 8088 to go into IBM’s first PC. Market less fragmented. IBM success in the market in 1983- 1985 catpulated Intel to the market lead in microprocessors. Intel built the reliability of this product. Intel created its value: Intel initiated sales campaign called â€Å"checkmate† after cutting the number of licensees to four, this step reinforced Intel’s position as the industry standard. By second source strategy, Intel recognized that they are giving away their technology to other companies, and they are losing a lot of profit, so they made the bold decision to be the sole-source manufacturer, and cut with AMD, and became the sole producers of CPUs and kept full control of the pricing. That is when they produced the 386 that was adopted by Compaq, users were willing to pay for the premium for additional performance. Intel protected its intellectual property rights; it was well ahead of its competition in intellectual property. It had trade secrets in design and production as well as patent, these resulted in substantial negotiating power in its cross-licensing agreements. See exhibit 6 Intel captured value Awareness campaign were conducted to target end users through â€Å"Red X† and then by â€Å"Intel Inside† campaigns, and co-op fund advertisement. They used the OEM to advertise for their products. At this point Intel built its brand and became widely adopted. Intel achieved its added value as a profit, by adopting the strategy of new products in short supply, where it was able to sell at the premium price, as production capacity increased and cost declined, the price would quickly scaled down to stimulate consumption in the mass market, as exhibit 7 shows for the 3 generation Pentium processors, the prices declined with time, and within less than a year, Intel was able to produce new generation with premium price, and decline the price for the previous generation. Another way of achieving the profit of the added value is investment in software development to leverage the advantage of the high performance processors. And that was achieved by development of complementors, although Intel had a relationship with Microsoft, but it was enough, since it required Microsoft years to develop the software, were Intel is moving faster, by adopting the strategy of complementors, Intel build its capital. Intel strategy was to invest in companies that fit strategically into Intel’s business strategy as well as offered a financial return. Threats and Actions PC computing was the center of computing during the 1990s, but the internet took over the next decade. Cellphones are sold more than PCs, and that is because they can access the Net. Network and communication became more important to people, whether it is in the home, small business or enterprise. Intel response to the changes in the environment by investing a lot of money in four areas, client platforms, server platforms, cellular and wireless, and communication and networking. Despite the fact that Intel took several steps toward making a position for it in the mobile and internet market, the threat of being behind the competitors in technology is high. Intel used to sell performance, but now it should innovate at the architectural level, to be the building supplier for to the worldwide internet and communication technology. One of the steps that may put Intel on the map is to start joint ventures to secure the position in the whole world economy. Investing in other communication industry to integrate Intel products.

Digital Image Analysis Of Yell :: essays research papers

Digital Image Analysis of Yellowstone National Park Introduction Remote sensing refers to the tele-observational surveying and mapping of physical, urban and environmental features. Remote Sensing is also a composite of many other subjects such as aerial photography, radar surveying, thermal surveying, weather forecasting and photogrammetry. It has now become quite common practice to use remotely sensed data to take inventory, monitor and develop effective management practices of our natural resources. Objective It is the purpose of this paper to further enhance the understanding of remotely sensed data in such a way that we may assist the human brain in the extraction and interpretation of this data through digital image analysis data manipulation techniques, such as rectification, enhancement and classification. The application of conventional and non-conventional image enhancement /classification procedures will be applied to an area of The Old Faithful section of the North Fork forest fire within Yellowstone National Park as it existed on September 8, 1988. They will also be applied to Nile Delta region of Egypt. Conventional technology in the context of this paper refers to imagery that is uni-dimensional, that is, it has only one spectral band available for analysis. The term non-conventional will refer to imagery that has multi bands available for manipulation and analysis. Methods of enhancement utilized in the multi-band portion of this project include: - colour and histogram image enhancement - normalization and image algebra enhancement - filtering image enhancement - band transformations (eigen pictures) image enhancement - coventional methods of enhancement Methods of classification utilized in this project include: - signature training ( sampling) - supervised classification, PPD, Mindis, Maximumlikliehood - unsupervised classification, histogram equalization, clustering Methods of enhancement used in uni-scene portion of this project include: - histogram equalization uni-band - filtering image enhancement Data Acqisition Data acquisition refers to the data by means of information gathering about the scale selection of the remote sensing formats and the target identification of the surveyed and mapped resources. In this analysis we have acquired Landsat Thematic Mapper data which consists of seven spectral bands and covers a 512x512 picture element area. The Landsat ground resolution or pixel size is 30x30 metres which translates to an area coverage of 235.93 square kilometres of ground coverage, which is a subset region of the Yellowstone National Park. The Nile Delta region is located in nothern Egypt and the data acquired was originally acquired for delta topgraphy. The data is Landsat MSS with one available band and covers a 580x640 picture element area. The Landsat MSS ground resolution is 80x80 metres which translates to an area coverage 2211.

Business Project

Mike Wardingley Define the term â€Å"the learning organization. †Ã‚   In what ways can the principles of the learning organization strategically impact an organization? A learning organization is one that: -Seeks to create its own future. -Assumes learning is an ongoing and creative process for its members. -Develops, adapts and transforms itself in response to the needs and aspirations of people, both inside and outside itself. – Allows people at all levels, individually and collectively, to continually increasing their capacity to produce results they really care about.A company that cares about development and their future will be a learning organization. Wide profit margins are great but a great company will not only worry about the bottom line, but the personal and professional development of their employees as well. An atmosphere of learning and improvement will also help spurn new and improved processes. Google has become a company that allows the employees to c ontinually improve and fosters creative thinking. The work environment is relaxed and the perks allow the employees to be free thinkers.Companies that put effort and money into the development of their employees will see a much bigger return in the end. Tuition assistance, college loan repayment programs, and during work learning opportunities will keep the employees happy as well as constantly developing into more educated and productive workers. Using the Internet, research the Small Business Administration’s website (www. sba. gov). What different types of financing are available to small firms? Besides financing, what other programs are available to support the growth and development of small businesses?The types of financing that are available to new small businesses are: * Loans * Grants * Bonds * Venture Capital In addition to the financing options, the Small Business Administration has set up a large number of other forms of assistance to make sure a new business has all the tools necessary to succeed. There is an online training program that will help an owner with starting, managing, financing, and contracting the new business venture. The Small Business Administration has also developed programs to help other types of new business owners.The Women’s Business Center was set up to help women start and maintain a successful business. The Veteran’s Business Center was created to help US Military veterans start a new fresh start after leaving military service. The US Export Assistance Center was established to help small businesses with the difficult task of beginning new exports to other countries. This difficult process is tough but made much easier with the help of the SBA. The SBA is a free resource that can help you develop a new business plan and then make a move to start your business and set you up for success.Define the term â€Å"emotional intelligence (EI). †Ã‚   What are the key elements of EI? Why is so important to successful strategic leadership? Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the capacity to reason about emotions, and of emotions to enhance thinking. It includes the abilities to accurately perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth.The four key elements are: 1. Self Awareness 2. Self Management 3. Social Awareness 4. Relationship Management A good manager knows not only who he/she is, but also who each one of their employees is as well. Not just that they have a wife and 2 kids, but knows about what makes them who they are. The likes/dislikes, the personality, the past, and the future goals should be vitally important. This is key to making sure the work center is productive and free of hostility.While opinions will differ, too much dissention and strife can kill not only office camaraderie but production as well. Fosteri ng healthy work relationships can also ensure that office cohesiveness stays on track. While the consequences of unhealthy relationships can be very costly, developing good and healthy relationships with employees can pay off in the end. Knowing each employee on a personal basis can help you better know how to interact with each employee and get the most productivity in return.

Investment Decision Methods Essay

Financial managers use many different kinds of investment decision methods while making capital investments. The four widely used and major methods are i. Payback ii. Net present value (NPV) iii. Internal rate of Return (IRR) iv. Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) The payback method tells us the time that is needed to retrieve a projects cost. When we have to select between two projects we will choose the one which has a shorter payback period or which is returning the costs in a shorter time period. Advantages of the payback method are that it is easy to calculate and that it gives a good indication of projects liquidity. But the disadvantages are that it does not consider the time value of money and does not consider those cash flows which occur after the payback period. The Net Present Value method tells us the sum of the present value of the projects cash inflows and cash outflows. When deciding for NPV the first consideration should be whether the two projects are independent or mutually exclusive. For the independent projects accept all projects which have a NPV greater than zero. While for mutually exclusive projects; the project with the highest NPV should be selected. Some advantages of the NPV method are that it gives information if the invest will increase the firm’s value. Moreover it considers three important aspects; the time value of money, all cash flows involved and the risk associated with the future cash flows. While its disadvantages are that it has to approximate the cost of capital for the calculation of NPV and it gives the result in absolute terms rather than percentages. Internal Rate of Return method tells us the discount rate at which the present value of future cash inflows is equal to the cost, the NPV at such a point is zero. In case of IRR method; if the IRR is greater than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) the project should be accepted while if it is less than WACC it should be rejected. The IRR method and NPV method have many common advantages and disadvantages as discussed while discussing NPV. In case of the IRR method the basic advantage is that it gives the rate of return on the original investment. While the disadvantage is that it can give you conflicting values for the IRR when calculating for mutually exclusive projects. Modified Internal Rate of Return method tells us the discount rate at which the present value of the projects terminal value is equal to the present value of the cost. In this scenario the terminal value is calculated by compounding the future inflows at WACC or any suitable rate chosen by the analyst. When making the accept reject decision the project should be accepted when the MIRR is greater than the NPV and rejected if the case is opposite. The advantages of the MIRR method are almost similar to the IRR method but one added advantage is that it gives only one rate even in case of mutually exclusive projects. The disadvantage is that it assumes a rate while finding the terminal value this assumption can make the whole project doubtful. Deciding which method is the most accurate and reliable is a tricky job sometimes. The payback method and the MIRR method are not considered to be reliable because of their major disadvantages mentioned above. While the NPV and IRR methods are both considered reliable and are the basic tools to judge any investment decision. Both give similar results when deciding independent projects. While deciding mutually exclusive projects the NPV method is considered more reliable and accurate because the IRR method sometimes provides two IRR values, it is rather difficult to calculate and it makes a reinvestment supposition which is very unrealistic. Due to the factors mentioned above NPV is considered the most reliable and accurate investment decision method.

Indolence and Indolent

Indolence and Indolent Indolence and Indolent Indolence and Indolent By Maeve Maddox When I heard an NPR reporter use the expression â€Å"passive indolence,† I decided I’d better look up the word because I thought indolent included the idea of passivity. I couldn’t imagine, for example, talking about â€Å"active indolence.† The noun indolence has traveled a long way from its original meaning of â€Å"freedom from pain.† The Latin noun indolentia means â€Å"freedom from pain.† The abstract noun came from the Latin verb dolere, â€Å"to be pained† and the negative prefix in, â€Å"not.† Indolentia was a state of not being in pain. In modern medical usage, indolence and the adjective indolent retain the meaning of absence of pain: indolent: causing little pain; slow growing. Examples of indolent and indolence in the context of pathology: indolent ulcers occur on the upper lip of cats at almost any age. Indolent lymphomas are usually not considered curable because the cancer grows too slowly to be targeted accurately by most modern treatments. Prostate Cancer Indolence vs Aggressiveness Progress in the Treatment of Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) In general usage, however, indolence means, â€Å"the disposition to avoid trouble; love of ease.† Indolent is also a synonym for lazy. In the sense of taking things easy or giving oneself over to relaxation, indolence is not necessarily a bad thing. Hard-working people deserve occasional spells of indolence: lying on the beach or drowsing in a hammock on a pleasant afternoon. It is when people habitually avoid their responsibilities that indolence becomes a vice. the arrogance of orthodox economists, and the indolence of mainstream journalists. the authorities have already been breaking [the law] through their incapacity or their indolence in the face of the crisis of insecurity. China Punishes 20,000 Officials For Waste, Mediocrity, Indolence Mitt Romney: ‘â€Å"Nonworking parents† raise â€Å"indolent and unproductive† kids. Gordon slams indolent congressmen for lack of quorum in the House Indolence and indolent are useful words to describe laziness and irresponsibility, but an expression like â€Å"passive indolence† seems pleonastic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"How Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Salaries of Canadian Members of Parliament 2015-16

Salaries of Canadian Members of Parliament 2015-16 The salaries of Canadian members of parliament (MPs) are adjusted on April 1 each year. Increases to MPs salaries are based on an index of base-wage increases from major settlements of private-sector bargaining units maintained by the Labour Program in the federal Department of Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). The Board of Internal Economy, the committee which handles the administration of the House of Commons, does not have to accept the index recommendation. On occasions in the past, the Board has put a freeze on MP salaries. In 2015, the MP salary increase was significantly more than what the government offered in negotiations with the public service. For 2015-16, the salaries of Canadian members of parliament increased by 2.3 percent. The bonuses that members of parliament receive for extra duties, for example being a cabinet minister or chairing a standing committee, were also increased. The increase also affects severance and pension payments for MPs leaving politics in 2015, which, as an election year, will be larger  than normal. Base Salary of Members of Parliament All members of parliament now make a basic salary of $167,400, up from $163,700 in 2014. Extra Compensation for Additional Responsibilities MPs who have extra responsibilities, such as the Prime Minister, Speaker of the House, Leader of the Opposition, cabinet ministers, ministers of state, leaders of other parties, parliamentary secretaries, party house leaders, caucus chairs and chairs of House of Commons committees, receive additional compensation as follows: Title Additional Salary Total Salary Member of Parliament $167,400 Prime Minister* $167,400 $334,800 Speaker* $ 80,100 $247,500 Leader of the Opposition* $ 80,100 $247,500 Cabinet Minister* $ 80,100 $247,500 Minister of State $ 60,000 $227,400 Leaders of Other Parties $ 56,800 $224,200 Government Whip $ 30,000 $197,400 Opposition Whip $ 30,000 $197,400 Other Party Whips $ 11,700 $179,100 Parliamentary Secretaries $ 16,600 $184,000 Chair of Standing Committee $ 11,700 $179,100 Caucus Chair - Government $ 11,700 $179,100 Caucus Chair - Official Opposition $ 11,700 $179,100 Caucus Chairs - Other Parties $ 5,900 $173,300 *The Prime Minister, Speaker of the House, Leader of the Opposition and  Cabinet Ministers  also get a car allowance. House of Commons Administration The Board of Internal Economy handles the finances and administration of the Canadian House of Commons. The board is chaired by the Speaker of the House of Commons and includes representatives of the government and official parties (those with at least 12 seats in the House.) All of its meetings are held in camera (a legal term meaning in private) to allow for full and frank exchanges. The Members Allowances and Services Manual  is a useful source of information on House budgets, allowances, and entitlements for MPs and House Officers. It includes insurance plans available to MPs, their office budgets by constituency, the House of Commons rules on travel expenses, rules on mailing householders and 10-percenters, and the cost of using the members gym (annual $100 personal expense including HST for MP and spouse). The Board of Internal Economy also publishes quarterly summaries of MP expense reports, known as  Members Expenditures Reports, within three months of the end of the quarter.

Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Response - Assignment Example integrate technology into daily wearables and intents to launch more of the tech-enhanced shirts at a time when every other person is exploring the domain of wearable tech. the shirt is to mark the company’s entry in the fast growing market segment of wearable technology and is projected to be a real game changer. In the High Line article, Jeremiah Moss analyses the impact of the park to its surroundings in terms of economic and development and transformation. Just a few years old the park had become necessary for shoppers, models, tourists and even socialites. It received 3.7 million visitors in 2011 alone and half of the visitors were from outside New York. The park has led to the birth of a corporate stretch on the West Side hence a complete make up of the neighborhoods. Prior to the redevelopment of High Line, properties in the area were under-valued by 8% as compared to median rates of Manhattan but now have gone up by 103%. This is now receiving mixed reactions as it seems to benefit the elites who can afford the new lifestyle of High Line at the expense of locals who are losing a lot of business to its

Lesson Plan Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lesson Plan Analysis - Essay Example Instances of such instructional strategy could be further gleaned from the lesson plan because it contains actions where readings and discussions are to be made regarding feelings, which afterwards will have to be drawn by the students to make the connection with what they felt on four pieces of small paper plates. On the other hand, the instructional strategy of prime background knowledge which is likewise gleaned on the current lesson plan on feelings is a method where new information or ability is associated with what the students already have learned or have experienced. A perfect example of this is when the students will be asked to name occasions on where they have portrayed and reacted to various feelings related to a particular type of situation – like when they met somebody new or when a favorite toy was broken. By asking students relevant questions regarding prior knowledge, they will be able to relate the current topic to past circumstances that are familiar to them (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). Last but not the least is the review for fluency and generalization instructional strategy. This technique is also present within the lesson plan since it provides students other chances to put in actual practice what they have learned. In so doing this the students are able to retain the knowledge after sometime and will be able to relate it in various circumstances (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). To make this quite effective, the students must be required to have an intensive discussion of the subject matter, which is feelings, and should be guided appropriately on situations where such feelings apply (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). Content specific strategies in general are detailed plans or actions on how to go about a certain lesson to enhance the learning abilities of the students and instructional techniques of the teacher. Some content specific strategies are: cognitive strategies, affective

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one Essay

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one contemporary issue in HRM and critically analyse how these source - Essay Example The theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management, on the other hand, provide a guide to a clear distinction of strategic human resource management and human resource according to McNeill and Chapman (2005, p. 98). They provide a review of theories that can be applied to elaborate strategic human resource management. The study aims to make a distinction between strategic human resource management and human resource management. The issue addressed by these two studies is strategic human resource management. These studies aim to provide further information on the issue of strategic to human resource management. The concept of strategic human resource management as addressed by the two studies is a contemporary issue in human resource management. In order to attain goals and objectives in an organization, it is essential to employ the concept of strategic human resource management. The importance of strategic human resource management and its application is addressed by the two studies. Strategic human resource management is a concept within the broad subject of human resource management. Strategies of human resource management incorporate the concept of strategic management in the planning and utilization of human resource. In order to improve efficiency in an organization, it is essential to use the concept of strategic human resource management in addition to the basic human resource management. Strategic human resource management implements changes to human resource management. This ensures a clear understanding of issues in order to sustain a competitive advantage and accomplish the desired results. Strategic human resource management involves the use of proper management tactics in order to meet the organizations best goals. Human resource management is the focus on aspects that affect employees and provide safety incentives and information in order to ensure productivity of employees. Strategic human resource management, on the other hand , provides a work environment and strategies that ensure that employees provide their services with consideration of the objectives of the business (Greer, 2001, p. 85). Even though strategic human resource management sometimes perceived as an independent issue for human resource management, it is necessary to note that the issue is within the broader subject of human resource management. Strategic human resource management requires that principles of human resource management employed before the adoption of strategic human resource management. It is, therefore, noteworthy that strategic human-resource management is an issue within the broader context of human resource of management. The theoretical frame work adopted by the study in the Journal of management applies micro level production to the theories to the human resource management field – therefore, a descriptive one. The method employed explains the concept of the study. The study adopts six theoretical models organiz ation with theories in economics and finance. The theories support the concept of strategic Human-resource management and connect human resource management activities proactive and strategically aimed decisions. The study of the impact of strategic human resource of management of the organizational success, on the other hand, uses the knowledge advancement theory to establish the competitive advantage as well as planned for the organization’

The Heritage Of Pakistan

The Heritage Of Pakistan Moen-jo-Daro is situated at a distance of some kilometers from Larkana. A civilization fourished there some 4000 years ago. It was discovered by Sir John Marshall in 1922. Moen-jo-Daro stands as most spectecular of all the excavate cities of the Indus Valley civilizaton. It is strange that at its glory, it was a beautiful city with brick walled houses, pillared halls, markets, baths, lanes, streets and public places. Every house had walls, drains and bathrooms inside it 2. Harappa Harappa is situated in the city of Sahiwal. Scientists and archaeologists believe that Harappa also belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization. Remains of this city were excavated in the 1920. 3. Gandhara It is comparatively a new civilization, the regions comprising Northern Punjab, Peshawar valley and Eastern Afghanistan was known as Gandhara. For a long time it remained the meeting place of various ancient cultures, as it was rule by many rulers. A distinctive art which is known as Gandhara Art took place from here and flourished during the 2nd and 3rd century of Christian era. Thousands monasteries and stupas were widely here Buddhas figures, shapes and monasteries all made prominent features of Gandhara Arts. 4. Buddhist Remains The Buddhist era ushered in some 500 years B.C. The Buddhist monastery Takht-I-Bahi is in N.W.F.P, it dates 2-5 century old. Some mounds were also found near Peshawar which represents Kanishkas mighty Pakistan. An impressive complex of Chapels, Stupas, quadrangles and monks cells are also found. The great Buddhist civilization is now forming the heritage of the present Pakistan Culture. 5. Taxila It was excavated in recent times near Rawalpindi. Taxila is the most popular name in history. It came into prominence during the Persian occupation. At its zenith, the city was the nucleus of religious and cultural activities. 6. Thatta The main town of Thatta is famous for specimens of Indo-Muslim architecture in the Sub Continent. Notable among them is the great mosque built by Shah-Jahan. The principle monuments of Thatta are located on the Makli Hill. 2.3.2 Architectural Heritage 1. Lahore Fort It is also known as the Shahi Qila. It was built by Akbar. The main structures inside the fort are the Moti Masjid, Diwan-e-Aam, Maktab Khana, the Shish Mahal and Nawlakha. The Hathi and Alamgir gates are also remarkable constructions. 2. Badshahi Masjid It was built by Aurangzeb. Its architecture is similar to the Jamia Masjid Delhi. The masjid has been built with red stones while the domes are in marble. 3. Jahangir Tomb This tomb was built by Shah Jahan. It is known as a fine building of Lahore. 4. Shalimar Garden It is situated on the Grand Trunk Road and is a magnificent remnant of Mughal Granduer. The garden constitutes of three terraces, one above the other. Besides there is an elaborate and beautiful reservoir, water channels and fountains. 5. Masjid Wazir Khan It is situated in Kashmir Bazaar inside the walls of the old city. It was built by Nawab Wazir Khan who was a viceroy of Punjab under Shah Jahan. 6. Golden Masjid It is situated near Masjid Wazir Khan. It was built during the rule of Mohammad Shah and it is also a very beautiful piece of architecture. 7. Mahabat Khan Masjid This masjid was built by a Governor of Peshawar, Mahabat Khan, during Shah Jahans reign. It has a fine massive structure with lofty minarets. 8. The Fort of Bala Hasar This fort was built on raised platform 92 feet from the ground level. There are two gardens near the fort. 2.4 Economy of Pakistan The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest in the world in nominal terms and 47th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakistans economy are situated along the Indus River; diversified economies of Karachi and Punjabs urban centers coexist with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country. The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, a fast growing population, mixed levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances, but a growing current account deficit driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term. Stock market In the first four years of the twenty-first century, Pakistans KSE 100 Index was the best-performing stock market index in the world as declared by the international magazine Business Week. The stock market capitalization of listed companies in Pakistan was valued at $5,937 million in 2005 by the World Bank. But in 2008, after the General Elections, uncertain political environment, rising militancy along western borders of the country, and mounting inflation and current account deficits resulted in the steep decline of the Karachi Stock Exchange. As a result, the corporate sector of Pakistan has declined dramatically in recent times. However the market bounced back strongly in 2009 and the trend continues in 2011. Demographics With a per capita GDP of over $3000 in 2006 compared with $2600 in 2005 in 2005 the World Bank considers Pakistan a medium-income country, it is also recorded as a Medium Development Country on the Human Development Index 2007. Pakistan has a large informal economy, which the government is trying to document and assess. Approximately 56% of adults are literate, and life expectancy is about 64 years. The population, about 168 million in 2007, is growing at about 1.80%. Relatively few resources in the past had been devoted to socio-economic development or infrastructure projects. Inadequate provision of social services, high birth rates and immigration from nearby countries in the past have contributed to a persistence of poverty. An influential recent study concluded that the fertility rate peaked in the 1980s, and has since fallen sharply. Pakistan has a family-income Gini index of 41, close to the world average of 39. Employment The high population growth in the past few decades has ensured that a very large number of young people are now entering the labor market. Even though it is among the seven most populous Asian nations, Pakistan has a lower population density than Bangladesh, Japan, India, and the Philippines. In the past, excessive red tape made firing from jobs, and consequently hiring, difficult. Significant progress in taxation and business reforms has ensured that many firms now are not compelled to operate in the underground economy. In late 2006, the government launched an ambitious nationwide service employment scheme aimed at disbursing almost $2 billion over five years. Mean wages were $0.98 per manhour in 2009.Rate of unemployment is 25%. High inflation and limited wage growth have drawn more women into the workforce to feed their families, in spite of cultural resistance and domestic abuse over the issue. Tourism Tourism in Pakistan has been stated as being the tourism industrys next big thing. Pakistan, with its diverse cultures, people and landscapes has attracted 0.7 million tourists to the country, almost double to that of a decade ago. Pakistans tourism industry was in its heyday during the 1970s when the country received unprecedented amounts of foreign tourists, thanks to the Hippie trail. The main destinations of choice for these tourists were the Khyber Pass, Peshawar, Karachi, Lahore, Swat, Quetta, Gwadar and Rawalpindi. The countrys attraction range from the ruin of civilization such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa and Taxila, to the Himalayan hill stations, which attract those interested in winter sports. Pakistan is home to several mountain peaks over 7000 m, which attracts adventurers and mountaineers from around the world. The north part of Pakistan has many old fortresses, ancient architecture and the Hunza and Chitral valley, home to small pre-Islamic Animist Kalasha community claiming descent from Alexander the Great. The romance of the historic Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is timeless and legendary, Punjab province has the site of Alexanders battle on the Jhelum River and the historic city of Lahore, Pakistans cultural capital, with many examples of Mughal architecture such as Badshahi Masjid, Shalimar Gardens, Tomb of Jahangir and the Lahore Fort. Before the Global economic crisis, Pakistan received more than 500,000 tourists annually. Tourism in Pakistan is still a growing industry. Major attracti ons today include ruins of Indus valley civilization and mountain resorts in the Himalayas. Himalayan and Karakoram Range. 2.5 Currency System in Pakistan Rupee The basic unit of currency is the Rupee, ISO code PKR and abbreviated Rs, which is divided into 100 paisas. Currently the newly printed 5,000 rupee note is the largest denomination in circulation. Recently the SBP has introduced all new design notes of Rs. 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 denomination, while the design work of Rs.10,000 note is in progress which will help the banking industry in keeping few notes in saving accounts. The new notes have been designed using the euro technology and are made in eye-catching bright colours and bold, stylish designs. Dollar-Rupee exchange rate The Pakistani Rupee was pegged to the Pound sterling until 1982, when the government of General Zia-ul-Haq, changed it to managed float. As a result, the rupee devalued by 38.5% between 1982/83 many of the industries built by his predecessor suffered with a huge surge in import costs. After years of appreciation under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and despite huge increases in foreign aid the Rupee depreciated. Foreign exchange rate The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistans large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistans central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the countrys export competitiveness. Foreign exchange reserves Pakistan maintains foreign reserves with State Bank of Pakistan. The currency of the reserves was solely US dollar incurring speculated losses after the Dollar prices fell during 2005, forcing the then Governor SBP Ishrat Hussain to step down. In the same year the SBP issued an official statement proclaiming diversification of reserves in currencies including Euro and Yen, withholding ratio of diversification. In October 2007, at the end of Prime Minister Shaukat Azizs tenure, Pakistan raised back its Foreign Reserves to $16.4 billion. Pakistans trade deficit was at $13 billion, exports grew to $18 billion, revenue generation increased to become $13 billion and the country attracted foreign investment of $8.4 billion. However, following the international credit crisis and spikes in crude oil prices Pakistans economy could not withstand the pressure and on October 11, 2008 State Bank of Pakistan reported that countrys foreign exchange reserves had gone down by $571.9 Million to $7749.7 Million. The foreign exchange reserves had declined more by $10 billion to an alarming rate of $6.59 billion. In July 2011, the State Bank of Pakistan reported reserves to hit an all time high of $18.25 billion. 2.6 Foreign Trade Investment Foreign direct investment in Pakistan soared by 180.6 per cent year-on-year to US$2.22 billion and portfolio investment by 276 per cent to $407.4 million during the first nine months of fiscal year 2006, the State Bank of Pakistan reported on April 24. During July-March 2005-06, FDI year-on-year increased to $2.224 billion from only $792.6 million and portfolio investment to $407.4 million, whereas it was $108.1 million in the corresponding period last year, according to the latest statistics released by the State Bank. Pakistan has achieved FDI of almost $8.4 billion in the financial year 06/07, surpassing the government target of $4 billion. Foreign investment had significantly declined by 2010, dropping by 54.6% due to Pakistans political instability and weak law and order, according to the Bank of Pakistan. Pakistan is now the most investment-friendly nation in South Asia. Business regulations have been profoundly overhauled along liberal lines, especially since 1999. Most barriers to the flow of capital and international direct investment have been removed. Foreign investors do not face any restrictions on the inflow of capital, and investment of up to 100% of equity participation is allowed in most sectors. Unlimited remittance of profits, dividends, service fees or capital is now the rule. Business regulations are now among the most liberal in the region. This was confirmed by the World Banks Ease of Doing Business Index report published in September 2009 ranking Pakistan at 85th well ahead of neighbors like China at 89th and India at 133rd. Pakistan is attracting an increasingly large amount of private equity and was the ranked as number 20 in the world based on the amount of private equity entering the nation. Pakistan has been able to attract a large portion of the global private equity investments because of economic reforms initiated in 2003 that have provided foreign investors with greater assurances for the stability of the nation and their ability to repatriate invested funds in the future. Tariffs have been reduced to an average rate of 16%, with a maximum of 25%. The privatization process, which started in the early 1990s, has gained momentum, with most of the banking system privately owned, and the oil sector targeted to be the next big privatization operation. The recent improvements in the economy and the business environment have been recognized by international rating agencies such as Moodys and Standard and Poors. Society Of Pakistan 3.1 Islam Islam is adept by the majority of Pakistanis and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives, among certain obligations for Muslims are to pray five times a day at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening, Friday is the Muslim holy day. Everything is closed during the holy month of Ramadan all Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk and are only permitted to work six hours per day. Fasting includes no eating, drinking, cigarette smoking, or gum chewing. 3.2 The Family The extended family is the basis of the social structure and individual identity; It includes the nuclear family, immediate relatives, distant relatives, tribe members, friends, and neighbors, loyalty to the family comes before other social relationships, even business. Nepotism is viewed positively, since it guarantees hiring people who can be trusted, which is crucial in a country where working with people one knows and trusts is of primary importance. The family is more private than in many other cultures. Female relatives are protected from outside influences. It is considered inappropriate to ask questions about a Pakistanis wife or other female relatives. Families are quite large by western standards, often having up to 6 children. 3.3 Hierarchical Society Pakistan is a hierarchical society. People are respected because of their age and position. Older people are viewed as wise and are granted respect. In a social situation, they are served first and their drinks may be poured for them. Elders are introduced first, are provided with the choicest cuts of meat, and in general are treated much like royalty. Pakistanis expect the most senior person, by age or position, to make decisions that are in the best interest of the group. Titles are very important and denote respect. It is expected that you will use a persons title and their surname until invited to use their first name. 3.4 Population density in Pakistan The Population density in Pakistan was last reported at 225.19 in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012. Density of Population is defined as the number of persons per square kilometre. It is an important index of population which shows concentration of population in a particular area. That is, Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. According to present census, Karachi Division is the most densely populated division in Pakistan. Its density of population is more than 2000 persons per square kilometer. Baluchistan province is the largest according to area, but it is thinnest according to population. 3.5 Education Education in Pakistan is divided into five levels: primary which grades one through five; middle which grades six through eight; high which grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate; intermediate which grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate; and university programs leading to graduate and advanced degrees. All academic education institutions are the responsibility of the provincial governments. The federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and some financing of research. English medium education is to be extended, on a phased basis, to all schools across the country. Through various educational reforms, by the year 2015, the ministry of education expects to attain 100% enrolment levels amongst primary school aged children, and a literacy rate of 86% amongst people aged over 10. According to the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11 and last PSLM 2008-09, the literacy rate for the population (10 years and above) is 58 percent during 2010-11, as compared to 57 percent in 2008-09 . Literacy remains much higher in urban areas than in rural areas and much higher for men than for women. Province wise data suggest that Punjab leads with 60 percent literacy followed by Sindh with 59 percent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with 50 percent and Balochistan with 41 percent. The Gross Enrolment Rates at the primary level excluding katchi for the age group 5-9 years at National level during 2010-11 increased slightly to 92 percent from 91 percent in 2008-09. Amongst the provinces, Punjab shows a marginal increase from 97 percent in 2008-09 to 98 percent in 2010-11. Sindh remained stable with 84 percent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa improved from 87 percent to 89 percent and Balochistan declined slightly from 75 percent to 74 percent in 2010-11. The Net primary level enrolment rates at the National/Provincial level for the age group 5-9 years. The NER at the National level during 2010-11 slightly decreased to 56 percent from 57 percent in 2008-09. Punjab shows a decrease from 62 percent in 2008-09 to 61 percent in 2010-11. Sindh also shows decrease from 54 percent to 53 percent in 2010-2011, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa witnessed a decrease from 52 percent to 51 percent and Balochistan improved from 44 percent in 2008-9 to 47 percent in 2010-11. The overall number of enrolments during 2010-11 were 39900.3 thousands as compared to 38202.0 thousands during the same period last year. This shows an increase of 4.4 percent. It is estimated to increase to 41596.5 thousands during 2011-12. The number of institutes stood at 227.8 thousand during 2010-11 as compared to 228.4 thousand during the same period 2009-10. However, the number is estimated to increase to 228.3 thousand during 2011-12. The number of teachers during 2010-11 were 1409.4 thousand as compared to 1386.1 thousand during the same period 2009-10 showing an increase of 1.7 percent. This number is estimated to increase further to 1445.0 thousand during the year 2011-12. A total of 134,118 youth received vocational and technical training under the Presidents Funni Maharat Programme and Prime Ministers Hunermand Pakistan Programme. HEC is also playing its role in running different scholarship programmes to enhance the academic qualification at various levels on merit basis in line with requirement. During the period 2008-12 a number of 3996 scholarships were awarded under different programmes,3572 scholars proceeded to avail these programmes on merit basis and a number of 1650 scholars completed their studies. 3.6 Rural Society Pakistan is an agriculture country and 80% of its people form the rural population of the country. The villages, towns and small cities form the rural areas of Pakistan. Their main profession is cultivation and ploughing. The entire population of Pakistan is scattered and resides in villages, towns and big cities. They pursue different professions to earn their livelihood. Village is the most important and pivotal centre of rural life of Pakistan. Our villages badly lack in civic amenities. There is no proper system of drainage. The drinking water and electricity are not available in a large number of our villages. There are no hospitals, schools, post offices and markets in most of the villages making the life difficult and unhygienic. The village population, due to the difficult living environs in the villages, keeps on migrating to urban areas where better facilities of social life and brighter chances of earning sustenance are available. However, the Government is very much alive to the problems of rural areas. The Government is making sincere endeavours to improve the conditions of rural areas. Modern facilities of health and communication are being provided in the rural areas. Roads, dispensaries, schools, post offices and shopping centres have been provided at Government level. The facility of drinking water and electricity has been made available to a number of villages. 3.7 Urban Society Urban areas in Pakistan completely differ from rural areas in the life pattern. The urban areas are the centre of social life with greater facilities and amenities of life. The urban population of Pakistan represents about a third of the total. Two cities have a dominating position Karachi and Lahore. Since the 1960s, government policy has been directed towards the dispersal of industry, which had become heavily concentrated in Karachi. As a consequence, urban growth has been more evenly distributed among several cities. Rapid and unplanned urban expansion has been parallel by deterioration in living conditions, particularly in the housing conditions of lower income groups. Many urban households are unable to pay rent for the cheapest form of available housing and live in makeshift shacks. Water supply and sewerage system are inadequate, and in many areas residents have to share communal water taps. Inadequate urban transport is also a major problem. The urban areas, unlike rural areas, are well-planned and well-built with modern residential colonies. The big cities, which form the portion of our urban areas, are the centers of high modern education. A large number of prestigious educational institutions are situated in the big cities which attract the students from all parts of the country. The urban areas have become the centre of social activity because of their multifarious aspects of social life. The industrial progress and the location of Government and other departments in the urban areas have made these areas prosperous and progressing. 3.8 Difference between Rural and Urban Society of Pakistan Function Villages and towns differ in function. Villages are usually engaged in primary activities, including farming, animal keeping, lumbering, fishing etc. Towns are engaged in secondary and tertiary activities, like manufacturing, trade, transport, telecommunications, education, medical treatment and other activities. However, these two sets of activities are not exclusively confined to rural and urban areas. Shops, transportation services, educational and medical facilities are found in rural areas, too. Similarly, there are vegetable fields within Karachi, Lahore and other major cities. It is more a question of the predominance of one set of activities over the other. As a consequence, the line of distinction between a small town and a large village is difficult to determine. Lifestyle Some specialists believe that lifestyle is a distinguishing feature of villages and towns. According to them, close contact with other members of the community is a distinctive feature of rural life. The inhabitants of a village, for example, usually know each other personally. In urban areas, on the other hand, relationships tend to be impersonal; urban areas are so highly populated that most people do not even know who their neighbours are. This is case in large urban centres like Karachi. However, even in places like Karachi, there are pockets in the city where people who belong to the same community or village live. In such areas people know each other and have closer contact with their neighbours. In small towns, which are in reality overgrown villages, most people known one another as well. It is also argued that while village life is traditional, urban life is rational. This is not entirely the case in Pakistan. Most of the urban population in Pakistan has a strong rural background. Although the use of urban facilities changes their way of living, it does not change their way of thinking much. In Pakistan, the lifestyles of the rich and poor differ far more than the lifestyles of city and village dwellers. The objective application of lifestyle as a factor for distinguishing between villages and towns is therefore difficult. Population Another factor used to distinguish between villages and towns is population. Although this criterion is applied in many countries, there is no agreement on size. In Canada, for example, a settlement with a population of more than 1,000 is considered urban, in Japan more than 30,000 and in Pakistan, 5,000. In Pakistan, a settlement can also call itself a town if it has a two committee or cantonment that controls electricity, the water supply and drainage. For example, Ziarat in Balochistan had a population of 619 in 1998, but it was still classified as a town because it had these amenities. However, there are only ten towns with populations of less than 5,000 out of a total 478 urban centres in Pakistan. 3.9 The Status of Women in Pakistan In Pakistan the story of a womans deprivations start even before her birth, where most of the girl fetuses are aborted. The lucky ones who survive are mostly unwanted children. Their life is a journey of subordination. While being very young her parents, grandparents, elder family females, family males, and brothers decide for them on matters ranging from the very thinking to decisions and choices. The most women in Pakistan do not have any choices starting from choice meals to choice males. Before marriages they are under strict watching eyes and are always thought doubtful in character especially when ones are school going, smiling on other males. In this secondary status treatment and doubts their marriages are arranged by the families. After marriage, her husband and her in-laws get hold of her reins and decide matters on her behalf; like shall she or shall she not have a child every year, or whether she would produce only boys, or whether she can seek independent employment and so on. Finally when she becomes old and her husband gets weak or may have gone already, it is her son or sons who decide her fate in the declining years of her life. As if this is not enough, the whole society acts as an oppressor, browbeating her into obedience. Thus, the word woman in Pakistan is synonymous with endurance. She is simply forced to accept certain bare facts of life once she grows up to be a woman. Be it on streets, or for that matter in restaurants, a woman is first and foremost required to be alert. It is best to try and not notice, women are told. According to Hina Jilani, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, the right to life of women in Pakistan is conditional on their obeying social norms and traditions. In addition to that, women in Pakistan face all kinds of gross violence and abuse at the hands of the male perpetrators, family members, and state agents. Multiple forms of violence include rape, domestic abuse as spousal murder, mutilation, burning and disfiguring faces by acid, beatings, ritual honor-killings, and custodial abuse and torture. According to a report by Amnesty International, several hundred women and girls die each year in so-called honor-killings in Pakistan, in a backdrop to government inaction. She is killed like a bird in family feuds to create evidence of illicit connections and cover them under the garb of grave and sudden provocation to escape severe punishment. The practice of Summary-killing of a woman suspected of an illicit liaison, known as Karo Kari in Sindh and Balochistan, is known to occur in all parts of the country. Karis (the females suspected of illicit relationships), remain dishonored even after death. Their bodies are thrown in rivers or buried in special hidden Kari graveyards. Nobody mourns for them or honors their memory by performing their relevant rights. Karos (the males suspected of illicit relationships), by contrast are reportedly buried in the communal graveyards. The promise made by the countrys Chief Executive in April 2000, that all honor killings would be treated as murders has yet to be converted into anything nearing reality. Women who report rape or sexual harassment encounter a series of obstacles. These include not only the police, who resist filing their claims and misreport their statements but also the medico-legal doctors, who focus more on their virginity status and lack the training and expertise to conduct adequate examinations. Furthermore, women who file charges open themselves up to the possibility of being prosecuted for illicit sex if they fail to prove rape under the 1979 Hudood Ordinance which criminalizes adultery and fornication. As a result, when women victims of violence resort to the judicial system for redress, they are more likely to find further abuse and victimization. As far as domestic violence is concerned, it is the most under-reported crime because it is generally condoned by social customs and considered as a private family matter. Culture Of Pakistan After the independence from Great Britain in 1947, took part of the land of India and created Pakistan as a separate Islamic nation its estimated that approximately 97 percent of population are Muslim but members of several minority religions live there including Hindus, Sikhs, parsi, and Buddhists. Culture of Pakistan is very diverse it stems it stems from the fact that what is now Pakistan has in the past been invaded and occupied by many people like as the white Huns, Persians, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, and various others groups. There are different in culture of Pakistan. Its among the different ethnic groups in matters in their dress food and religion and also pre Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Pakistan is the first region of south Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and developed Islamic identity. Pakistan geography is the mixture of south Asia, central Asia and west Asia so the culture of Pakistan is unique then the