Overview of the Glencoe Massacre

Overview of the Glencoe Massacre Conflict:Â  The Massacre at Glencoe was part of the repercussions of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Date:Â  The MacDonalds were attacked on the night of February 13, 1692. Pressure Building Following the ascent of Protestant William III and Mary II to the English and Scottish thrones, many clans in the Highlands rose up in support of James II, their recently deposed Catholic king. Known as Jacobites, these Scots fought to return James to the throne but were defeated by Government troops in mid-1690. In the wake of James defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland, the former king withdrew to France to begin his exile. On August 27, 1691, William offered the Jacobite Highland clans a pardon for their role in the uprising provided that their chiefs swore allegiance to him by the end of the year. This oath was to be given to a magistrate and those who failed to appear before the deadline were threatened with harsh repercussions from the new king. Concerned over whether to accept Williams offer, the chiefs wrote to James asking his permission. Delaying over a decision as he still hoped to regain his throne, the former king finally accepted his fate and granted it late that fall. Word of his decision did not reach the Highlands until mid-December due to particularly harsh winter conditions. Upon receiving this message, the chiefs quickly moved to obey Williams command. The Oath Alastair MacIain, the chief of the MacDonalds of Glencoe, set out on December 31, 1691, for Fort William where he intended to give his oath. Arriving, he presented himself to Colonel John Hill, the governor, and stated his intentions to comply with the kings wishes. A soldier, Hill stated that he was not permitted to accept the oath and told him to see Sir Colin Campbell, the sheriff of Argyle, at Inveraray. Before the MacIain departed, Hill gave him a letter of protection and a letter explaining to Campbell that MacIain had arrived before the deadline. Riding south for three days, MacIain reached Inveraray, where he was forced to wait three more days to see Campbell. On January 6, Campbell, after some prodding, finally accepted MacIains oath. Departing, MacIain believed that he had fully complied with the kings wishes. Campbell forwarded MacIains oath and the letter from Hill to his superiors in Edinburgh. Here they were examined and a decision was made not to accept MacIains oath without a special warrant from the king. The paperwork was not, however, sent on and a plot was hatched to eliminate the MacDonalds of Glencoe. The Plot Apparently led by Secretary of State John Dalrymple, who had a hatred of the Highlanders, the plot sought to eliminate a troublesome clan while making an example for the others to see. Working with Sir Thomas Livingstone, the military commander in Scotland, Dalrymple secured the kings blessing for taking measures against those who had not given the oath in time. In late January, two companies (120 men) of the Earl of Argyles Regiment of Foot were sent to Glencoe and billeted with the MacDonalds. These men were specifically chosen as their captain, Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, had seen his land plundered by the Glengarry and Glencoe MacDonalds after the 1689 Battle of Dunkeld. Arriving in Glencoe, Campbell and his men were warmly greeted by MacIain and his clan. It appears that Campbell was unaware of his actual mission at this point, and he and men graciously accepted MacIains hospitality. After peacefully coexisting for two weeks, Campbell received new orders on February 12, 1692, following the arrival of Captain Thomas Drummond. That No Man Escape Signed by Major Robert Duncanson, the orders stated, You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. You are to have special care that the old fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands. You are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Pleased to have an opportunity to exact revenge, Campbell issued orders for his men to attack at 5:00 AM on the 13th. As dawn approached, Campbells men fell upon the MacDonalds in their villages of Invercoe, Inverrigan, and Achacon. MacIain was killed by Lieutenant John Lindsay and Ensign John Lundie, though his wife and sons managed to escape. Through the glen, Campbells men had mixed feelings about their orders with several warning their hosts of the coming attack. Two officers, Lieutenants Francis Farquhar, and Gilbert Kennedy refused to take part and broke their swords in protest. Despite these hesitations, Campbells men killed 38 MacDonalds and put their villages to the torch. Those MacDonalds who survived were forced to flee the glen and an additional 40 died from exposure. Aftermath As news of the massacre spread across Britain, an outcry rose against the king. While sources are unclear as to whether William knew the full extent of the orders he signed, he quickly moved to have the matter investigated. Appointing a commission of inquiry in early 1695, William awaited their findings. Completed June 25, 1695, the commissions report declared that the attack was murder, but exonerated the king stating that his instructions regarding repercussions did not extend to the massacre. The majority of the blame was placed on Dalrymple; however, he was never punished for his role in the affair. In the wake of the report, the Scottish Parliament requested an address to the king to be drawn up calling for the punishment of the conspirators and suggesting compensation to surviving MacDonalds. Neither occurred, though the MacDonalds of Glencoe were permitted to return to their lands where they lived in poverty due to the loss of their property in the attack.

Site Surveying Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Site Surveying Procedures - Essay Example Uren. J. & W.F.P. (1999) Surveying device, consisting of a visual structure for collimating a measuring position, a driving unit for performing scanning in a dimension range said visual structure, a distance-measuring unit comprising a radiance gesture detachment measuring scheme, an image pickup unit for captivating an illustration in the size range, an icon meting out unit for performing reflection meting out to haul out edges from the image pulled out up, and a control mathematics operation unit for choosing a position near the periphery as a measuring position on the figure singled out for controlling supposed distance-measuring unit to carry out surveying procedure of the measuring position. Uren. J. & W.F.P. (1999) Three-dimensional data is normally surveyed on an object as this flat within a predetermined range; however the past has gripped this model of surveying on an object such as building within a predetermined range, there have been disadvantages in the past in that much time was required and there was limitation in acquired amount of the surveying data because an operator must determine a measuring point and surveying operation must be carried out one point after another. By the use of automatic instruments, surveying operation is automated, raster scanning is performed by determining a range with fine pitch, and a vast amount of 3-dimensional surveying data can be collected more quickly than in the operation by the surveying operator. A great number of measuring points are required and storage capacity o a storage device to store the data at the measuring points also must be large. In case unnecessary data is incorporated as measuring data, the continuity of the data may be lost, and the measurement must be repeatedly carried out in many cases. Tifadi, T. & Booth, D.W. (1997) To obtain the site configuration through the

Personal Statement for postgraduate Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For postgraduate - Personal Statement Example With an admission in the said schools, I will be able to pursue my desire of obtaining higher education in the accounting and finance field specifically in International Business. Presently, I hold a diploma in accounting after successfully graduating in 2004. Moreover, I received further trainings from the Chevron Company from the year 2004 to 2006 where I was able to sharpen my skills and put the theoretical knowledge I obtained in school into practice. My academic qualification and excellence in the work place enabled me to get a scholarship to study a bachelor’s degree in Accounting and Finance for International Business at the Coventry University, after which I plan to pursue a postgraduate degree at the University of Warwick. With this opportunity, I will be able to advance my knowledge in the field of accounting and finance; in addition, I will also meet and interact with different people at the University, which provide me with an experience of new cultures thus preparing me to work in a multicultural organization. Since childhood, I have been a very social person who believes in making friends and expanding my social circle. From early teachings, I have always been brought up to invest in friendship and always interact with other members of the society. This has cultured in me a team spirit where I can comfortably act as a team player or a team leader as I relate well with other individuals around me. I provide invaluable contributions and participation to the team that I work with. Through cohesion with other team players, I always remain clear on the team objectives and I am always persistent in the pursuance of the team’s objectives and goals. I believe in the freedom of will and personal choice. I am always receptive of the ideas of other individuals. When in school and in the workplace, I always strive to

Impact of SOPA and PIPA Bills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact of SOPA and PIPA Bills - Research Paper Example The government, particularly from the computer software publishing and entertainment industries for years to invent and implement an effective mechanism for stopping the online piracy that allows the internet users to have copies of their products free of charge. Though, it seems certainly logical for the reason that no one wants to see something for which they have spent a lot of time and effort on to create be disrespected by people having access to it free of charge and without permission (Newman; Jamal). This paper will discuss the initiatives of the government trying to regulate the internet with SOPA and PIPA bills and how it would affect the internet service providers and the internet users.    An Overview of SOPA and PIPA These days, we can see the Protect IP Act (PIPA) and the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the top headlines. In fact, the Stop Online Piracy Act and the Protect IP Act are getting a great deal more negative response from different organizations. In additio n, some of the major web-based businesses, for instance, Wikipedia have responded against these laws by protesting the bills with blackouts. Additionally, Google Corporation has also joined the movement, by placing a link on its homepage illustrating the reason why the organization opposes the legislation. Both the bills SOPA (presented in the U.S. House of Representatives) and PIPA (presented in the U.S. Senate) are intended for overseas websites that break copyrighted stuff. In addition, both the bills are generally linked with media piracy however can also be applied to counterfeit medication and consumer goods (Newman; Magid). In the beginning, both the SOPA and PIPA bills included two important ways to fight exclusive rights violation on overseas websites. In this scenario the first way allows the U.S. Department of Justice to ask for court orders and instructions forcing ISPs to shut down the domain names of the suspected websites. For instance, Comcast can stop its customers from accessing the contents of www.thepiratebay.org, even though the given IP address can be accessed and works properly. In this scenario, this ISP blocking terms was one of the key concerns among Internet security experts, at the same time as both PIPA and SOPA have ignored it. On the other hand, the other way allows rights owners to ask for court orders and instructions to force the advertisers, payment providers and search engines to stop carrying out business activities in cooperation with the suspected websites. In this scenario, rights owners would be allowed to demand that funds be charged from the suspected website and that investigate links to that site be detached. However, the suspected site would be given five days to appeal any action taken (Newman; Magid). In simple words, the basic purpose behind the implementation of these bills is to stop from connected to any sites that are dedicated to the  theft  of U.S. property. In addition, these bills would also stop the business organizations and individuals from putting on the sites and shut down payment processing companies such as MasterCard, Visa and PayPal from sending money to the site.

Developing a Personal Leadership Style Research Paper

Developing a Personal Leadership Style - Research Paper Example This style is considered outmoded and inappropriate in the modern society overfilled with democratic points of view.  This type can be characterized as â€Å"one person rules†. It means, the decision-making process is conducted only by one certain person, and other participators of the process are obliged to act according to the demands of that person. Thus, a communication between the leader and inferiors develops only on the professional level. However, sometimes it is the only way of acting that can help achieve the target aims. For instance, the police officer that is giving the commands to the criminal, or the tutor that is telling the student to complete the certain task, utilize this style of headship. At the same time, Salin and Hoel (2010) argue that this type of headship leads to appearance of climate of fear, which can be a great pitfall on the way to goals’ achievement. Nevertheless, if the person needs this type to be developed, he or she should train the ability to establish certain tasks and be responsible for all the outcomes.Paternalistic This type can be characterized as cooperating with inferiors like father with children. The main advantage of this style is high level of trust between the person in charge and the participators of certain space. Nevertheless, this can also lead to the situation when several participators could become favorites while others may remain unheeded. This, in turn, can be the reason for many dismissals of the participators that simply wish to become more valuable.

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts - A Strategic Analysis Assignment

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts - A Strategic Analysis - Assignment Example The third area of examination is with internal strengths. One of the primary strengths for Krispy Kreme is their brand name. The company was founded in 1937 during the Great Depression era, yet survived and proved to be an American success story. Their long history built up good brand equity and reputation over the years. Another research article pointed to the new leadership now in place at Krispy Kreme, after they weathered various accounting and management scandals. James Morgan is the new company chairman; president; and CEO. Another key strength, which is well known, is that Krispy Kreme has a good quality product. Their products are available at many gas stations, supermarkets, Wal-Mart’s, and Target Stores, among other visible locations. The fourth area of examination is with internal weaknesses. One study of the company showed where there is a limited amount of healthy food choices at Krispy Kreme. A second resource pointed how low-carb diets became in fashion just abo ut the time that the company was rapidly expanding (Intini, 2007). Hoyt (2008) pointed out how the company seems to be closing too many stores. Their franchisees are struggling, and even though 28 new franchises opened in the first quarter of 2008; there were 7 closures. The company stated that they â€Å"will close additional stores in the future and the number of such closures may be significant. More problems exist as Krispy Kreme faces slowing customer traffic; a lack of product diversification; and high fixed costs.

Cubans in Miami Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cubans in Miami - Research Paper Example In addition to this, the Cuban community is characterized by the low fertility levels due to their demographic structure. The reasons for their high social and economic status are first and foremost that women are in income generation activities more than the men. In addition, the Cuban was characterized by the presence of a strong ethnic closed society. Finally, the Cuban society was involved with post-revolutionary activities which helped them to fight for better living standards. The Cuban people are to have a strong cultural system. However, due to the differences and the way of life in the United of America, they have adjusted their values and beliefs and they have been to the American society. Several studies have suggested that about 1 million of the American population are of Cuban origin. More accurate data from the United States Bureau of Census conducted at about 1980 revealed that about 803,226 of the American population were associated with the Cuban descent, and this number of Cuban origin people is to have increased over the years (Lisandro129). The immigration of Cubans to America has always been linked to economic situations and political events on the island. Before the American government helped in ending the Spanish rule on the island in 1899, the northern Cuban neighbor had played a considerable role in Cuba’s economic and political issues. As the involvement of the US government intensified during the 19th and 20th centuries, the United States of America had become a preferred place of settlement for Cuban emigrants who have succeeded to get powerful positions in the financial, intellectual and political landscapes in the United States (L. Glenn 31). As statistics depict, the number of Cuban immigrants before 1885 was relatively low. However, about five years later, the number of Cuban immigrants to United States of America has more than tripled. New heights of immigration of Cubans were reached between 1897 and 1910 which is a